The FIP and FCPI no longer as successful … These funds were nevertheless supposed to attract the savings of the French and use it to finance long-term SME unlisted. A long-term investment (eight to ten years), illiquid, without capital guarantee but with a … boutique tax: a reduction in ISF or income tax, as desired.

But last year, this core was not enough tax. For the first time since 2006, investment funds and local mutual funds in innovation have collected less than a billion euros, according to preliminary figures compiled by Capital Finance. "Overall, the devices that qualify for a reduction of income tax have seen their collection collapse of 27%. Those that reduce the TFR fared better: subscriptions declined only 12% to 15%, "notes Fabrice Imbault, executive vice president of A Plus Finance.

The climate crisis probably did not last year prompted investors to invest long term, nor to take risks. The radius défiscalisants investments, they also often preferred "investment Scellier, whose death was announced," notes Fabrice Imbault.

The plane of the tax has been

But professionals also designate another fault: the movement of the plane tax, which last year was reduced by 25% to 22% reduction of income tax granted for these products. However, the rate granted in 2012 has shrunk 18% only. Will it be sufficient to compensate in the eyes of policyholders, the investment risks and constraints, there will be sufficient to continue to attract subscriptions? The stakes are high, when many small businesses are afraid to have more difficulty obtaining bank loans and seek more stable funding.

More and more management companies adjust their strategy in any case. They are moving away from FIP and FCIC, whose management constraints (imposed by the state in exchange for tax benefits) they seem to become too heavy. And are more interested in venture capital funds (mutual funds, venture capital). More confidential funds, reserved for wealthy investors who do not seek a tax cut, but want to diversify their assets on SMEs, in the hope of good performances. "Many subscribers are themselves leaders or former leaders of society, and ready to accompany young dynamic SMEs that develop," says Foucault Delannoy, associate Cape Horn Invest.

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Las. Cousin may well sell organic wine at the best restaurants, the law is against it. "The AOC Anjou is protected by decree.We fight every day to defend our demarcated areas, "says Patrice Laurendeau, president of the Federation of Anjou wine. On the Internet, many blogs Cousin support and a petition was launched to the attention of the authorities.

The AOC, however, is not always the enemy of the bio. Throughout France, AOC wine producers there are already converted, along with other winemakers. From 2009 to 2010, the organic vineyard area has increased by 33%. As to represent 6.2% of the total area of ​​vines, and perhaps "10% in 2012," according to the Association of Independent Winegrowers France.

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The French are indeed very pessimistic. Only 4% of them believe in a crisis within the next six months. Nearly a majority (46%), however, do not expect improvement until 2014. "This survey highlights the malaise of the French," said Frederic Dabi, director of the division of opinion Ifop."For them, this is a serious crisis which they do not see the exit and on which policies can not be weighed." However, they are preparing for 57% of the "painful and difficult measures." They are also willing to make sacrifices, including cutting costs in their "comfort" and in their holiday budget, the study said.

When asked about the causes of the crisis, 52% of French people point the finger at the role of financial markets. Far behind, the government (26%), banks (15%), EU (10%), the French as a whole (6%), emerging (5%) and businesses (1%) are also considered partially responsible for the current crisis. "Paradoxically, while their commitment to the EU is often tenuous, the French for more Europe," Frederic Dabi analysis.As proof, they say they support the creation of a European Ministry of Economy.

Theme of the presidential election

As European leaders gather in Brussels on Sunday for a coordinated response to the crisis, the French have already an idea of ​​what the state could do 63% of them believe the government should take an interest in banks, either by becoming the majority shareholder of the establishment or nationalization. Despite their concern, 23% of respondents would prefer the state to intervene simply abstain. Maybe they think that the French economy can only suffer, as the government prepares to revise downwards its growth forecast for 2012 still set at 1.75%."Part of the public continues to believe that when dealing with Greece, it does not deal with French," says Pierre Giacometti, advisor opinion of the President of the Republic, in the columns of world.

Yet a few months before the presidential election, the crisis in the euro area will be the theme of the campaign. Nicolas Sarkozy will speak on the subject on television next Thursday, the day after the second EU summit is to say, once firm decisions have been taken. A key event with the French, while the popularity of the president is at half mast. "Even if the credits of some courage, nothing will be counted as long as there is a lack of visibility on the crisis," Pierre Giacometti analysis in Le Monde.

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This is a great gift for viewers, but it's a puzzle dangerous for the TV market. With 25 free channels instead of 18 now, the whole landscape that will, once again upset. The Ministry of Culture no mistake. To limit the damage, he advocates the creation of channels with smaller economies than minigénéralistes who need to drain the advertising market heavily to live.

In its report on the future of TNT, Michel Boyon, the president of CSA, stressed that the advertising market is not extensible. This observation invites the CSA and the Rue de Valois to protect the large general-interest channels that have already been hard hit by the creation of DTT channels in 2005. In six years, these have already assumed 25% of the television audience and 12.5% ​​market pub. Today, however, only those projects that should be presented by Team TV, Screenrush, NextRadioTV (RMC Sport) or Equidia (PMU) are channels. All others are minigénéralistes. And propose TF1 TV Breizh, push M6 M6 Family WikiTV and Paris Première. Canal + continues to campaign for the free channel Canal 20 payday loans.

For its part, has already promised an NRJ TV Honey aimed at women and a chain TV Nostalgia for heritage programs.The CSA will decide whether looking for channels to anger the left or if historical actors assigns frequencies to minigénéralistes.

Specialists in the advertising market are reassured by any equation. "While 2011 will end positively for advertising, Régine note Tournier, expertise and purchasing director at Havas Media, there is a slowdown and we have no visibility into 2012. The arrival of new channels is likely to introduce more competition in the market and lower prices. "

"A market of mass media"

On the other hand, the expert noted, "it is not certain that the arrival of channels is a good thing because it will encourage the fragmentation of audiences.Strings that will fare best will be those backed by a large group to benefit from synergies. "

Another danger, if the number of free DTT channels increases, the pay packages of cable and satellite will lose their appeal. "The more free channels, said one expert, the less reason to subscribe to a pay offer. Especially since they are important channels of cable and satellite (TV Team, Equidia, Paris Première, Ed) which candidatent to DTT. "

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In search of food markets growing, the boss of PepsiCo, Indra Nooyi, displays for months his ambition to enter the dairy sector. The group is indeed under pressure from shareholders to boost its growth, to compensate for the decline of its traditional soft drinks in the United States.The yoghurt market in contrast has almost doubled over the past decade in America.

The Wall Street Journal, the multinational company is in talks to create a joint venture in the United States with German dairy group Theo Müller. The latter, already present in the UK since 1995 with its brand Müller Corner, also happens to be looking for expansion outside Europe. The brand and type of yogurt that the alliance wants to produce is not yet known. No more than the amount that the two partners plan to invest easy payday loans.

Positive

With dairy products, Pepsi expand its portfolio of 19 product lines that each generates over a billion dollars in revenue, and would complement its offering food to the radius, at present limited to Frito Lay chips and other crackers Doritos and Cheetos.Above all, the yogurt group would bring to the positive image of the nutritional point of view. Soft drinks like Pepsi, Gatorade, Mountain Dew and Seven Up, are criticized for their high sugar content and are regularly projects surcharges, while snacks are for their salt content.

PepsiCo has already begun to diversify into less controversial products: fruit juices, with the acquisition of Tropicana in 1998, or breakfast cereals with the acquisition of Quaker in 2001. One of the strategic group is also to develop snacks and other snacks made from healthy products. The firm has for example launched last year Tropolis, mashed fruit presented in liquid water bottles for children.By creating a center last year called "Global Nutrition Group," PepsiCo has set a goal to triple its turnover in 2020 in this niche products based on fruit, vegetables, grains and of milk. Dr. Mehmood Khan, an endocrinologist came from the famous Mayo Clinic, was engaged in conduct that set.

Today, all forty major French companies weighed on the stock exchange the equivalent of 794 billion euros no fax cash advances. This figure may seem high to the uninitiated, but it is actually little more than the book value of assets of companies entering the CAC 40.The fall in prices has reached such proportions that the largest industrial groups in the rating on the stock exchange deal at the price of factories, stocks of goods or land on which are built warehouses or stores.

This is the first concrete decision of the U.S. company from ads on 24 August. By this gesture, the group's management intends to "symbolic protest" against the tax. The investment "is not canceled but it must be reassessed in the context of uncertainty created by the tax," says the group. These 17 million would be used to launch a new production line for cans at the plant, the second in France in terms of production, which employs 203 people and five years has already received 45 million euros of investment .

It was to be formalized on September 19, on the occasion of the celebration of 40 years of factory Pennes-Mirabeau. The arrival of John Brock, president of Coca-Cola Enterprises for 40 years the site is also canceled.

"I understand the position of Coca-Cola"

Coca-Cola, which employs 3000 employees across five production sites in France, says wait and see what will unfold the vote in Parliament before taking a final decision. The tax should indeed be debated in the coming weeks as part of the bill for funding Social Security."We hear and symbolic protest against a tax that punishes and stigmatizes our company our products," said Coca-Cola, which "reaffirms its strong opposition to any form of stigmatization of soft drinks and their assimilation into other product categories such as tobacco. "

This tax, which should bring 120 million euros to the state, according to the manufacturers should increase the cost price of the can of a euro cent on average. For the National Association of Food Industries (ANIA), the decision of the U.S. company is understandable. "I understand the position of Coca-Cola, said Jean-René Buisson, president of the association. Coca is one of the companies that have signed charters with the government on reducing sugar and nutrition education policy.Why do food manufacturers would they continue to trust the government? ", He gets mad. "The tax Fillon is the stigma of food which is harmful is not scientifically proven," he adds.

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Basis of bank balance sheets, equity protect in case of hardship, by absorbing the losses. For decades, regulators consider that the level of capital a bank against its commitments is the best indicator of its strength. The 2008 financial crisis has only reinforced this analysis for the simple reason that supervisors realized they had been unable to prevent it. Thus, their goal now is to reduce the impact of future crises, by ensuring that banks have sufficient buffers.In particular, the new international regulations, Basel 3, requires that by 2019 no later than the banks' capital should represent at least 7% of their commitments "hard equity" against a floor equivalent to 2% before the crisis .

• 400 billion already raised

In other words, the race started in the capital for a long time in Europe. First in 2008 and 2009 to offset losses from the crisis. And since 2010 to meet the requirements of Basel 3. The European Commission amounted to 340 billion euros state aid in the form of recapitalization of banks that it has validated between 2008 and 2010. Between January and April 2011, banks have continued to increase their capital by 50 billion euros. In total, nearly 400 billion euros were injected into the European banking system in three years. And it's not over.Portugal, Greece or Spain, the governments push to consolidate their banking sectors. European authorities concluded, following stress tests conducted in May, as eight banks of these countries had an immediate need for 2.5 billion euros. But the amount should be much higher because 16 banks, including Germany, remain in a tie no fax payday advance. For European banks, finally, the question is whether the economic downturn will thwart the rise of their ratios by reducing their profits. In which case they will either raise capital or reduce their commitments.

• Who are the deep pockets?

If Christine Lagarde calls on European banks to seek priority to private investors, the plummeting share price of Barclays and other general company since the beginning of the year complicates the equation.The UniCredit, Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank have had the chance to increase their capital just before the stock market crash of the summer. French banks, they have got just in time a boost through the stock dividend. In this context, it is no coincidence that the last few days of sovereign wealth funds and other major investors are back. Last week, Warren Buffett – who won $ 1.7 billion by betting $ 5 billion over Goldman Sachs in 2008 – has placed a ticket 5 billion in Bank of America. In addition, the merger of the second and third Greek banks is supported by a fund of Qatar. In 2007 and 2008, already, Singapore, Kuwait or China were brought to the rescue of troubled banks in the world.All did not keep good memories, like the fund of Abu Dhabi, Adia had placed $ 7 billion in Citigroup.

However, if by chance the private shareholders do not jostled, European states began to organize to ensure public support for the banking sector. This is the case in Spain, for example. In addition, the Summit of July 21, European governments have decided to allow the European stability fund to recapitalize banks directly if necessary.

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Such a reform would be a way to go very smoothly on a system condemned by unions but emblematic of the early five-year term of Nicolas Sarkozy.It would also bring hundreds of millions of euros in state coffers – the contribution holiday costs more than three billion a year to Social Security – without too much strain on the purchasing power of employees. It is ultimately the only confidence that François Fillon was permitted. "It was not for him to test a range of measures," says one of his advisers. Most of the time, the Prime Minister has therefore merely listen to what his interlocutors have to say.

"Protecting Growth"

Jacques Voisin was the first to meet Sunday with the prime minister. The chairman of the CFTC asked François Fillon that the measures he is about to take are "consistent with the growth and equitable" and they have no "impact on employment and social minima ".Jean-Claude Mailly for its "push" two major points in his eyes: "the preservation of public services and the protection of collective action," such as tax benefits to the issuance of food stamps or the implementation of complementary health.

In his meeting, François Chérèque for his part stressed "the need to implement measures of social support to employees and businesses to avoid blockage of the economy." The leader of the CFDT has once again required the creation of an additional tax bracket for the highest income or the conditioning of exemptions from VAT and social security to the requirements on employment and wages.The Prime Minister, who undertook to study these proposals, agreed that it was "important to protect growth, small businesses and employment, and support the most disadvantaged," reports the CFDT, which "oppose any questioning of social benefits for savings."

After discussing the budgets of social security and local authorities, François Fillon has finally confirmed Laurence Parisot, the president of MEDEF, it would be "very attentive to SMEs and business conditions."

Another notice of pilots

A threat is … drivers, this time those who are carried by three minority unions – the SPAF, the Alter and R'Ways – and who have filed a strike notice for the July 29 to August 1. As the crew before them, the drivers are protesting against the offensive "anti-low cost" Air France plans to launch in its databases province.The new operation is expected to result, according to the drivers, an increase in the number of hours worked and trips a day.

For now, this movement somewhat worried the company, which does not anticipate any disruption in traffic this particular weekend.

Mechanics harden the tone

Meanwhile, the management of Air France must also manage another conflict, less publicized than those of pilots and aircrew, but that could be acted upon: some 4000 engineers responsible for maintenance of 260 units of the company practice of walkouts, for seven weeks no faxing payday loans. If the company minimizes the facts explaining that the work stoppages of one or more hours that are 50 to 100 people, the impact on traffic is nonetheless real.

According to Le Parisien, Aujourd'hui en France, long flights and medium-haul flights from Paris-Charles de Gaulle accuse each day delays of 15 to 20 minutes. Management also recognizes that it is obliged to postpone the launch of a two-plane in the evening to morning. Orly airport and Toulouse are also affected.

And before the stalled negotiations on wage demands, the engineers are threatening to get tough tonight at 22 hours. "Delays are possible and we do not exclude some cancellations," said Air France AFP. Alert bulletins on traffic conditions are published to the attention of travelers on the website of the company.

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