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Otis to participate in its World Cup football 2014 in Brazil. The U.S. company will install in Rio escalators and elevators of the legendary Maracana stadium, refurbished for the occasion. Recently it has also equipped the Burj Dubai Khalifa, the world's highest. And he was chosen to implement its latest generation of products to the Empire State Building in New York.

This series of prestigious contracts is part of a long history for the brand created in the 1850s by Elisha Graves Otis, inventor of the elevator. Since then the company has been incorporated into United Technologies, which has other subsidiaries such as air conditioning specialists Carrier or aircraft engine manufacturer Pratt & Whitney.

Otis remains the king of lifts, with 80% of appliances brand in major tours around the globe. What outdo his most serious challenger, the European Schindler, ThyssenKrupp and Kone. "We are the world leader with a market share of around 25%," says Peter Dejoux, president of Northern Europe and Africa at Otis.

Last year, the group continued to race ahead: its revenues ($ 12.4 billion, or 9.6 billion euros) was up 7%, while its profit before tax (2 , $ 8 billion, or 2.2 billion euros) rose by 9%.

400,000 new lifts in China every year

Yet the recent history of Otis is anything but smooth sailing. First, the group has changed its mind. Exit the French Didier Michaud-Daniel, income in the Hexagon head Veritas, the certification specialist. Since mid-February, it was the Spaniard Pedro Baranda is at the helm. In the aftermath, Peter Dejoux took over some of the functions of Bruno Grob, one of the great figures of the company, died suddenly in November 2011. A new management team, while the global landscape of elevators undergoing a profound transformation. "Growth is high (5 to 10%) in emerging countries like China, India and Brazil as the market is spread in France, posting a decline in Southern Europe", illustrates Dejoux Pierre. China, for example, has become the world's largest market for new lifts, with 400,000 units installed each year.

To meet demand, Otis adapt its industrial sites and multiplies in the new El Dorado. The group built an elevator factory in Chongqing, the metropolis of western China, its fourth in the Middle Kingdom. In India, it will triple the capacity of its plant in Bangalore. "We are implementing there partly because these countries are sensitive to what we produced on site, said Peter Dejoux. But, from our factories in China, we serve as the countries of Southeast Asia. "

Moreover, these markets booming, the group has bucked his offer. With Otis brand, it offers high-end products like the Gen2 elevator to consume 60% less energy. But he also established joint ventures with local companies to distribute products from entry level. In India, in Gujarat, it sells brand elevators Trio. Thailand, Indonesia and South Africa, it distributes the references of another elevator manufacturer, Sigma.

In mature markets, the focus is more on maintenance, which often represents nearly 70% of sales. Otis has launched a dozen countries in a service called Elite that can repair elevators and remote … to increase the annual subscription of 200 to 250 euros. Contracts of this type have been subscribed for 80,000 units, a total of 1.8 million elevators maintained by the group in the world.

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Relations already chilly between Canal + and the Competition Authority has further strained a little more. Without much surprise, the Sages of the Rue de l'Echelle decided to open a detailed examination phase of the acquisition of two free DTT channels Direct 8 Direct Star by Canal + with the Bolloré Group.

This decision follows a first round of talks between the policeman of the competition and Groupe Canal + on remedies for this operation. The concern of the competition authority is that Canal + uses its dominant position in the acquisition of broadcasting rights for pay-TV rights to negotiate jointly for future free channels. Clearly, the danger is that Canal + is negotiating with the U.S. studios' rights sets for both Canal + and Direct 8. Thus, the group led by Mr. Meheut could oust TF1, M6, or any other chain of the DTT market with the acquisition of rights. For example, the rights for pay-TV Desperate Housewives (produced by ABC) are owned by Canal + when those same rights for free TV are the M6. The competition authority wants to avoid in the future, that same series is broadcast on Canal + and then on Direct 8.

Second concern: the Canal + group has a film studio, Studio Canal +, which sells movies all free channels after a stint on Canal +. The competition watchdog wants to prevent the films from Studio Canal ending up systematically on Direct 8 over other competing channels cheap business cards.

These key points have been part of negotiations open between Canal + and the competition authority since 21 February. Canal + was proposed in late March, a series of commitments. But they were written so that these commitments do not seem to be very restrictive, was then analyzed the competition authority.

It must be said that the competition watchdog has been scalded by the attitude of Canal +. Five years after the acquisition of TPS by Canal + in 2006, The Competition Authority has, uncharacteristically, withdrew the repurchase authorization. the reason? Canal + has not fulfilled a number of the 57 commitments he then took. Including the fact of maintaining the quality of the channel TPS Star, premium channel distributed by all the competing platforms CanalSat.

Remedies imposed

Worse, even as the competition authority has opened new negotiations on the purchase of TPS, Canal + decided to close its chain altogether TPS Star. A decision that was very badly received by the Sages of the Rue de l'Echelle.

In deciding a thorough review of the acquisition of Direct 8 Direct and Star, the competition authority wants to put pressure on Canal +. Either it offers significant remedies or the competition authority to impose under the injunctive unilateral. Both parties have until July to agree.

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They are the world 4000. These are created corporate universities, including training for all employees into thinking strategy, relationships with customers and suppliers. In France, they are still relatively under-exploited compared to a country like the U.S. (they exist only in 42% of companies surveyed by Ipsos for the Panorama HR BearingPoint).

Accor has pioneered in France, with the launch of the first university (called Academy) in 1985 in Evry (Essonne). Since then, the network giant's hospitality has grown and now has 17 academies around the world, attended each year by 135,000 students (for an average of 3 days).

37 000 employees trained in Saffron

According to BearingPoint, corporate universities should be less a place of production of content for reflection on trades or animation of the sectors. The University of BNP Paribas, installed twenty years at Louveciennes near Paris, recalls in this context that 75% of training efforts are devoted to technical aspects and 25% are cross-curricular competencies.

Physical sites or campuses in schools that organize their behalf training sessions? Forms of corporate universities are diverse. The engine manufacturer Safran devotes 13 acres near Paris to house its campus, the Safran Corporate University, plus the locations in Beijing and Dallas, to train 37,000 employees each year. Same strategy for Veolia, which has 21 campuses worldwide, including 6 in France, or EDF, which has consolidated its business academy in Les Mureaux, near Paris.

Other companies prefer partnerships with academia. Like the Mazars University, founded in 2006 by the specialist in auditing and consulting. As for PSA, he plans to sign this year no less than twenty-three partnerships with colleges and universities. The manufacturer intends to target the most prestigious colleges in each region. A strategy that resulted in France by the creation of chairs at the Polytechnic or Mines.

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The main presidential candidates have one thing in common: they announce tax increases for years to come. None of them claim to return to zero deficit by cutting public expenditure only: they know that the remedy would be too much for the French social model. In addition, candidates are aware that economic growth alone will not fill the public coffers.

On this point, economists are even more cautious. Nicolas Sarkozy expects a GDP growth of 2% from 2014, Francois Hollande 2% in 2014 and 2.25% thereafter. "It would be wiser to predict growth of 1.5%," said Jean-Christophe Caffet, economist at Natixis. "And above all, to the same level, growth will generate less tax revenues spontaneously that during the expansion phase of pre-2007", warning Mathieu Plane, an economist at OFCE.

Mechanically, when the GDP is up, after the mandatory deductions. More profit, this means more corporate tax (IS), higher wages, better social security contributions and income tax (IR), etc.. But according to the type of growth, the correlation is stronger or weaker.

The economy of the early 2000s, characterized by a housing boom, was particularly conducive to tax revenue. And transfer taxes, a tax on real estate transactions, they reported to local authorities 9.6 billion in 2007, against 4.7 billion in 2000. The revenues of the ISF have almost doubled (2.2 billion in 2000, 4 billion in 2007). "Growth was also driven by household spending. A boon to the State whose main tax, VAT, sits on consumption, "adds Jean-Christophe Caffet. Finally, the SI was doped up to 2007 by record profits of banks. In a 2008 report, Philippe Marini, then general reporter (UMP) of the Senate Finance Committee, spoke of the hypothesis of a "bubble" of € 10 billion on tax burden.

"Adjustment Period"

A bubble that broke with the financial crisis. Scarce, taxes and social contributions decreased in 2009. The IS has collapsed, yielding 21 billion in 2009 against 51 billion in 2007. Since then, the tax burden returned to their pre-crisis level, with the exception of the SI (39 billion in 2011). "But if there had been no crisis, levies would exceed 23 billion that they are today. There is indeed a structural loss of revenue, "said Mathilde Lemoine, director of economic studies of HSBC.

In addition, revenues will not recover their train of yesteryear. "The growth model due to housing boom and strong consumer is finished. We have entered a period of adjustment, where wages will rise slightly. VAT, transfer duties, but also social contributions will grow less quickly, "said Jean-Christophe Caffet. So over the spontaneous surge of revenues, as before 2007. That's why taxpayers are involved since 2010. And if the economic growth forecast by the candidates was not at the rendezvous, higher taxes might be higher than 50 billion program of Francois Hollande and 16 billion provided by Nicolas Sarkozy.

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While political leaders promises to multiply the SME, 300 business leaders gathered in Evian (Haute Savoie) for three days, from March 22 to 24, during the fourth Spring Campus organized by the association CroissancePlus. They reflected a very real way on how best to grow very small businesses and SMEs to become medium-sized companies (ETI) employing between 250 and 5000 employees. "Growth is the foundation of everything. We must grow faster than its competitors to beat them, "testified Xavier Fontanet, former chairman of the board of Essilor, the world leader in the ophthalmic lens.

"In Germany, large ETI achieving over 500 million euros in turnover increase. They took advantage of a phenomenon of concentration. Seven out of ten bought a small business or a merger between 1996 and 2006, "noted Jacky Lintignat, CEO of KPMG. The French group Altrad, European leader of the scaffold (494 million euros of turnover), was embraced by making 45 acquisitions since 1985 in France and abroad. "Our goal is to double our turnover in the next four years," said Mohed Altrad, president of the eponymous group which opened its capital to three banks CM-CIC Capital Finance, Arkea Private Equity, a subsidiary of Credit mutual Arkea, BNP Paribas and Development and the Strategic Investment Fund.

But entrepreneurs are divided on the interest of bringing investors to accelerate their growth Low fee payday loans. The start-up Showroomprivé, which sells brands on the Internet, hosted the U.S. fund Accel Partners to expand internationally. "We must not fall into the hands of investment funds and the stock market go," he assured his side Maxime Holder, CEO Paul bakeries, one of three businesses Holder family group. A difficult experience with a fund in Britain, explains this desire for independence. "There is not DNA but the DNA for a company to succeed," commented Olivier Duha, president of CroissancePlus. To allow contractors control their business while allowing them to find money to grow, Jean-Louis Beffa, honorary president of Compagnie Saint-Gobain, has proposed that SMEs can benefit from "equity without right to vote. " The often difficult relationship between large companies and SMEs were also discussed. "Many SMEs do not dare connect to Danone. We must learn to work together, "regretted Franck Riboud, Danone CEO. There is a way to go. SMEs are often reluctant to approach some large groups because they do not always respect the law, including the supervision of payment periods.

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A return to basics. The model presented by Labour Minister, Xavier Bertrand, and Secretary of State for SMEs, Frédéric Lefebvre aims to make more readable the information contained in the earnings statement

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To provide a bright future, A Day Elsewhere facelift can not escape. The fund AtriA Capital Partners, majority shareholder of this brand of ready-to-wear "chic" for mature women, changed the executive chairman last year. Mission entrusted to Jean-Pierre Charpentier, "rejuvenate and dress the bride," says the new boss. Reinvigorate, or redressing, businesses to better sell, it's his job. This former CEO of France Loisirs has restored color to both sign Jacadi.

A Day Elsewhere door certainly does not hurt: slight profit, the company posted 187.2 million euros in turnover in 2011, up 3.5% on a comparable basis, 78% achieved in the Hexagon , which are installed 145 of its 215 stores.

However, seniors in the 2010s dressing "younger" and "Zara" than their elders, A Day Elsewhere urgently needed to afford a makeover in an attempt to conquer them. And reach more customers transgenerational, 45 to 99 years. Great first, advertising campaign of 2 million was distributed in a fashion magazine. Innovations emerge every month now, and the shops are gradually déringardisées.

Transfer of production

Exit the columns of a Greek temple and cloud ceilings kitsch. Storefronts are painted in taupe and white. Inside unfolds a light mango furniture. This new concept will rally by the end of March 30 of 215 stores. The loan-to-wear, if he retains the best-selling brand, collections "ceremony" models "cruise", gets a new line: The Essentials. An agreement with Swarovski helped to decorate jackets or coats of crystal knobs, glamourisant tailors declined in gray, black or blue.

As for accessories, an independent designer who has worked for Lancel, reinvented bags and pouches, covering them with bright leather or monogrammed coated canvas. Another, from Chanel Fantasy, has transformed the glass and plastic charms in gold or silver plated jewelry, more likely. Their prices range from 40 to 200 euros. They are made in France, where Jean-Pierre Charpentier also would like to produce more textiles. Fiber polyester, wrinkle resistant, currently produced in Korea, might as well, says he, being in the Hexagon.

A dual source of supply

The group has already relocated nearly 80% of its supply in Turkey and Eastern Europe, retaining only 20% in Asia, less competitive with rising production costs. For some products, Jean-Pierre Charpentier dual sourcing, shared between Asia and Europe. "I have adopted this system of dual-sourcing the day, when I was at Jacadi," he recalls, "we have not received the collection time for a parade." …. ….

These changes should attract 2 million customers registered in the global roster of A Day Elsewhere, Belgium, Luxembourg and Italy. For 2012, openings are provided, with the new concept, particularly in Brazil, with two to three stores by 2013, and the U.S., in department stores. Meanwhile China.

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1. COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY

A new CAP will enter into force in 2014. It is the subject of heated debate between the 27 Member States. Maintaining the EU budget – about 50 billion euros to support agricultural production and ensure food self-sufficiency – is now accepted. However, how to use this envelope to be defined. France, the first European agricultural power, receives about 10 billion euros per year.

WHAT THEY OFFER

The UMP wants to extend the measures of market regulation, such as those taken to better organize the dairy industry; together, producers can negotiate better prices facing manufacturers. The PS defends "an ambitious EU budget for the future of agriculture in its diversity". Only FN advocates the abandonment of the CAP for the benefit of … the PAF (French agricultural policy), to "distribute aid more precisely between small and large farm structures."

2. RELATIONS WITH THE RETAIL

80% of agricultural products are now sold through supermarkets. Farmers accuse him to capture the essence of the value added to their detriment. In 2000, for example, 45.1% of the retail price of a pork cutlet returned to the breeder, against 39% for mass distribution. Ten years later, the distribution was reversed in favor of the latter: it is now capturing more than half of the value against the third party only for breeders. Another example, a kilo of pears bought 17 cents to the grower retails for 3.50 euros.

WHAT THEY OFFER

To restore the balance of power among branches facing the retail, the PSet MoDemproposent solutions close: consolidation of producers in influential organizations, sustainability of existing tools such as "margin observatory." The UMPveut expand contracting, binding in milk, meat to all branches, fruits and vegetables … The FNveut review the competition law to protect farmers against abuse of dominance of supermarkets.

3. ENVIRONMENT

Farmers complain: their eyes, France is overzealous in transposing EU environmental standards. They demand a relaxation of constraints. Especially since the new CAP in 2014 provides a "greening" of aid, that is to say that the amount will depend less on the quantities produced, and more respect for the environment.

WHAT THEY OFFER

The modem wants to reduce and simplify administrative procedures such as to produce energy by anaerobic digestion. Where it takes three months to install a system in Germany, it takes three years in France. The PS wants to develop organic agriculture in France which represents only 3.1% of cultivated land and encourage short circuits, without detailing how. The UMP wants better dialogue between farmers and environmentalists, again without more concrete.

4. USE AND INSTALLATION OF YOUNG

Agriculture and food industry in France are 3.5 million jobs or 14% of the workforce. However, farm organizations denounced a crippling cost of labor for France, which has lost market share to international competitors from Europe, particularly Germany – the hourly cost of a seasonal employee is 50% less high. Approximately 7,000 young farmers set a year, including 5000 helped.

WHAT THEY OFFER

The UMP is to continue to reduce the cost of permanent agricultural employees, as outgoing majority has done for seasonal, whose hourly cost from 12 euros to just over 9. It relies on social VAT to get there. The UMP also has to keep the budget of 350 million euros of aid to the installation. For PS, there is no problem of the cost of agricultural labor. The FN promises an exemption five years of tax and social security of agricultural enterprises, without saying how it will be funded. The modem wants to establish a minimum area for installation.

5. UNIONISM FARM

The National Federation of Farmers' Unions (FNSEA), combined with Young Farmers, prevails over a half century and controls all farming institutions and organizations inter. The milk strike of 2009 has strengthened the two minority unions: the Rural Coordination and the Farmers' Confederation. They could lose its absolute majority in the FNSEA in the upcoming elections to the Chambers of Agriculture in early 2013. Bruno Le Maire was the first political right to go to their conventions. The Board of Directors of the FNSEA voted by a large majority to minority yesterday the opening of all inter-farm where she sat alone. The report also alleges Perruchot "possible hidden subsidies" enjoyed by unions from the Chambers of Agriculture, themselves financed by a tax.

WHAT THEY OFFER

UMP, PS and MoDem are unanimous in advocating trade union pluralism. Little to say and all the funding organizations.

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