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Athens: the message of the Communists. Five days of Greek elections of 6 May, several thousand people (18,000 according to police), especially communists showed around Athens and Thessaloniki, the second largest city, struck by a particularly harsh austerity policy. This statutory holiday, traditionally celebrated as the "day of general strike" in the private and the public gathered including more than 8,000 activists of Workers Struggle Front, close to the Communist Party, a suburb of Athens, in support of workers a steel plant on strike for several months in protest against wage cuts. In Salonika 7,000 people demonstrated, mostly militants Pame.

Madrid against the new reform travail.Sous the slogan "Work, dignity, rights. They want to destroy everything ", some 100,000 protesters marched in 80 cities in Spain. In Focus events: budget cuts and labor reform adopted in February by the Conservative government. "New labor reform: towards a world of slaves," proclaimed a huge banner displayed to the start of the parade. Introduced to boost labor market since the explosion damaged the housing bubble in 2008, the reform is far from proven: Spain has broken a new record Friday of unemployment in industrialized countries, with assets of four (24.4%) unemployed.

Jakarta against loss of activity due to outsourcing. In Indonesia, about 9000 people, supervised by 16,000 police and soldiers, marched in the capital Jakarta to demand wage increases and denounce the loss of activity due to outsourcing. With its 240 million inhabitants, Indonesia is one of the highest growth rates in the world (over 6% per year) thanks to its vast natural resources. But half the population is still below the international poverty line while the average monthly salary, which is just over one hundred euros, just to follow the continually rising cost of living no fax cash advance.

Hong Kong: a minimum wage increase. This area of ​​7 million people is home to many millionaires, but also hundreds of thousands of working poor. Of these, 5,000 demonstrators called for an improvement of pensions, supervision of weekly working hours and a minimum hourly wage hike of 28 Hong Kong dollars (2.7 euros) to $ 33.

Manila: fighting for purchasing power. In the Philippines, they were walking toward a 3000 presidential palace in Manila, waving portraits of President Benigno Aquino. Workers in this country plagued by corruption where a quarter of the 95 million population live on $ 1 a day their leader in dog caricature orders of foreign capitalists.

Moscow: 150,000 pro-Kremlin protesters. Less than a week of his inauguration, President-elect Vladimir Putin and the outgoing head of state Dmitry Medvedev joined a large pro-Kremlin protest organized for Labor Day in downtown Moscow. Some 150,000 demonstrators attended the rally, police said. The two leaders headed the procession, in a friendly atmosphere, on the bottom of a sign "We're strong!" The last appearance of a Russian head of state in a parade of May 1 was in 1996 when Boris Yeltsin was very unpopular protesters joined a few weeks before the presidential election.

New York: a test to Occupy Wall Street. The Wall Street Occupy movement that attracted international attention with its protests last September wishes to maintain its waning influence in connection with the May 1. Of gathering are planned, including New York and San Francisco. Public participation in these events will determine the future of a movement undermined by the lack of financial and internal dissent.

Note: Nicolas Sarkozy aims to balance public finances in 2016, Francois Hollande in 2017.

Roman Lucazeau, Chargé de Mission in the Business Institute, details the mechanisms at work in the test programs.

THE FIGARO.FR. – Why submit programs of candidates for this test?

Roman Lucazeau. – Although, compared to the 2007 presidential campaign, the programs of the two main candidates are more accurate, they still gray areas and are based on slightly different economic scenarios. This makes comparison difficult. So we tried to apply the same economic variables: growth rate, inflation, unemployment rate, by 2017. We also wanted to discover what happened to the public finances if the programs were implemented with, notably, lower growth than that provided by the candidates, for example, that France has known, on average, over the past decade.

Originally, this type of exercise is applied by the financial authorities to banks. These are subject to economic scenarios degraded to assess their strength in case of economic crisis. We use a similar method to test the ability of candidates to achieve their stated goal (zero deficit in 2016 for Nicolas Sarkozy in 2017 for Francis Holland).

But in a crisis, a candidate can always abandon its initial program

.

Absolutely. We test the strength of their roadmap, as defined during the election campaign, in a worse position than they anticipate. We evaluate today's promises and do not prejudge the future president of the reactions in case of contingencies.

How does this model?

We leave the bases nominee programs (eg growth rate, the level of taxes and public spending …) and against which they built their proposals. These assumptions are public and have been developed by their campaign teams. We determine how the deficit and debt change if we change some parameters on the basis of data and public reporting, the INSEE, the Court of Auditors and of Bercy. The details of our methodology is available on our website.  

How do you ensure objectivity of your approach?

We submitted the candidates' platforms to the same constraints: same inflation, even growth, even drift government spending or health insurance, etc.. The differences between results are explained by the differences between the programs themselves. Debt strategy of the two candidates based on both on growth, tax increases and budget savings. But Nicolas Sarkozy and Francois Hollande do not intend to use these levers to the same extent. Their programs do not react the same way a change of parameters.

Presidential in major cities Paris | Leeds | Lyons | Toulouse | Leeds | Sheffield | Liverpool | Bordeaux | Lille

Benetton where history repeated scandals. There are a few more months, in November 2011, the Italian firm made history again by launching it's ad campaign "UnHate", featuring heads of state kissing.

Alessandro Benetton, son and heir to his wife in 2006 in Venice.

It is defined as a 'detective' Made in France '. " Sylvain Lescot, 33 years and commercial training, launched in December the site-Référence.fr France, with the ambition to "establish the habit of buying citizen." Specifically, this merchant, whose product catalog spans four themes (home, toys and entertainment, multimedia and gastronomy), offers users to compare one product with its foreign equivalent, manufactured in France. Thus, facing the mixer "Soup Maker" Cuisinart product in the U.S. and priced at 199.50 euros, it suggests to the consumer to buy the "Soup & Co" Moulinex to 229.90 euros. Salt and pepper to the duo Automatic One Touch range (29.90 euros), made in China, he opposes the salt mill Peugeot "Bistro natural" (16.50 euros).  

The concept is in tune with the times: 42.3% of French people think that promoting products "Made in France" should be a priority in the presidential campaign, according to a study site Testntrust. Or, buy French is often an obstacle course. Mentions on the origin of components and place of manufacture on the labels abound, sometimes inducing the consumer. "The offer on the shelves is a jungle," said Sylvain Lescot, that "the French do not know in general that there are local equivalents to foreign products the best known." With the exception of certain areas, such as multimedia or television, in which there is almost no offer purely French. To select products, France-Référence.fr is based on criteria adopted by the association Pro France, which manages the label "Origin France Guarantee ', the main requirement being that at least 50% of the value added product is produced in the Hexagon free business cards.

90% of products are purchased French

While websites offering a selection of products "Made in France" multiply, France-Référence.fr claims its status online retailers. "The consumer is free to choose the foreign product, we also have in stock," says Sylvain Lescot. "We respect the individual tastes and budgets." If the French massively plébiscitent local products, the price point is important in these times of crisis. Only 49% of them are willing to pay more, the last notes of the brand Observatory France. A concern that shade Sylvain Lescot. "While some French products can be twice as expensive than their foreign counterparts, others have a price lower than 20%."

Still, with this system of comparison, the offer tricolor appears to be doing on the game-Référence.fr France, 90% of the products purchased are French, welcomes its founder. "The 'Made in France' is not a utopia, but a way of future consumption," wants to believe. Therefore, after investing nearly 60,000 euros in building his company, the latter provides a second phase investment of 100,000 euros in the next three months to boost its offer of 300 references to over 1000. France-Référence.fr be able to respond to a request which, according to forecasts by Sylvain Lescot, should quickly jump from 5 to 50 orders per day.

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The Brazilian soccer prodigy Neymar refusing to go play in Europe because of polar climate: the scene portrayed in a TV spot for a soda, ready to smile. Reference is however not trivial, the young striker of 20 years who recently refused the advances of the most prestigious clubs in Europe (Barcelona, ​​Madrid, Chelsea …) to extend his contract with the club FC Santos. With a monthly salary of 650,000 euros, the star player is the same salary level as many European stars. With an annual growth rate averaging 4.9% through 2015, according to PwC, Latin America has indeed a market for structured sport and motor globally.

Sign of the rise of emerging countries (the so-called Brics), Rio de Janeiro will host the 2014 Soccer World Cup and the Summer Olympics in 2016. A doubled as successful as the Russian city of Sochi (2014 Winter Olympics and football World Cup in 2018). "All countries do not organize these international shows for the same reasons, explains Matthieu Aubusson PwC. Many, like Qatar or China, do so for reasons of image, not in order to establish a sustainable economy of sport at national level. Besides, there are local markets in its infancy, with the gradual structuring is a major focus of development for the sports business world. "Like India, who bet on the cricket. And Brazil, which created a strong market for football within its borders, capable of retaining its stars and attract brands.

But this virtuous circle is still fragile. "Failure of broadcasting rights and the increased risk of" ambush marketing "(a combination undue brand to an event, Ed) can slow market growth in these areas, said Fabrice Lorvo, specialist sports marketing for FTPA. By directly touching the sponsors, they are fleeing the market. "No problem for major events such as the World Cup or the Olympics. But the regional championships or events will continue their efforts to retain players in the sector, "which invest in proportion to the broadcast media," says Fabrice Lorvo. African Cup of Nations (CAN), with 3 to 4 billion cumulative viewers and 35 million euros of revenues earned in 2012 by the organizing committee (COCAN), looks set to meet this challenge.

In France too, the sector is doing well

12.8%: the growth in the French sports business estimated by PwC who will publish these figures on Thursday morning at Sporsora foundation. "The yo-yo effect of this industry is very strong, warns Mathieu Aubusson, because even years are marked by the organization of major sporting events which boost sponsorship contracts, rights TVs and ticket sales . "Despite this distortion, the average annual growth sector in the Hexagon will reach 3.7% to $ 5.5 billion in 2015, reflecting the appetite of brands for sponsorship (5, 2%). Proceeds from ticket should then take over from 2016, while France will host the Euro 2016 football stadia refurbished.

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Players, presidents, unions, political. Everyone went to his little reaction after the proposal of François Hollande to tax at 75% share of annual revenues in excess of one million euros. In the world of football, many are quick to talk about "death of football."

Starting with the president of the Professional Football League (LFP), Frederic Thiriez. "If this proposal is successful, the championship of France would obviously be relegated to the second European division, he said Thursday on RMC. Our best players, who are in a global market, would leave. " Many players in the image of Christophe Jallet, PSG defender, and have criticized the proposal of the Socialist candidate, regretting that "working for nothing" with the application of such a measure. The club president of Lille, Michel Seydoux, even acknowledges, in Le Parisien, he could leave his post if the measure was adopted. "If I have more viewers, I shall never reach even to pay the rent for my new stadium," he says.

President of the Union of professional football clubs (UCPF), Philippe Diallo, insists on the 'cons-productive "of this measure:" When Beckham was announced at PSG, everyone has stigmatized the salary that the PSG would have paid (a gross monthly salary of 800,000 euros was mentioned, Ed). But we did not talk about the 15 million it would have reported to the State tax. "

Sports Minister, David Douillet, even the loss figure to one billion euros for the French professional football. "The 600 million coming from taxation of French football will disappear, the 5% tax Buffet (the share of TV rights of football donated to other sports) will also disappear because there will be more rights TV ". He said that if the football stars leave the French league, broadcasters are less willing to pay as much for broadcasting the games. He added: "300 million for the stadium in Lille, 200 million for the Jean Bouin stadium in Paris, all funded by public money, which no longer serve for nothing!"

"The players left France when they are taxed more"

There is not that football players who would have to pay more taxes. This new tax would also be a blow for football clubs. "It is death and not club football players," says Philippe Diallo. More and more players are quick to add in their contract a provision that any change in tax would be borne by their employer. In other words, whatever the tax rate, net pay remains the same. "These clauses are mainly foreign players the highest paid who do not always know the tax rules in force in their host country. One third of the French league is composed of foreign players, "says Philippe Diallo. According to Le Parisien / Today in France, if the measure of Francois Hollande was to come, Qatari investors should pay no less than 100 million euros for ten players from affecting Parisian club two million euros net per year.

Without giving financial details, the president of the UCPF explains this development by the stranglehold of EU legislation on that of the Hexagon. "In most other countries, including England players are negotiating their salary in" net-net ", that is to say, net of expenses and net of tax. When they come to France, they impose this rule. So, to buy our players in Ligue 1, the foreign clubs will not even need to offer a higher salary than they receive in France. " If the "tax Holland" was to come into application, then the players might be tempted to leave the championship. "Football clubs are essentially local businesses who pay their taxes in France, where the players are mobile people, since the Bosman *, have always left France when they were taxed more than their European counterparts "says Philippe Diallo. One way to point the finger at the lack of "patriotism", a theme dear to Francois Hollande, football players.

* Named after the Belgian footballer Jean-Marc Bosman, whose club, FC Liege refused his transfer to Dunkerque. The player took the case to the Court of Justice of European Communities and won his trial, 15 December 1995.

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The Minister of Labour has acknowledged Sunday that all the experts were predicting for weeks: the goal set before the summer, to reach an unemployment rate of 9% at the end of the year is abandoned, postponed indefinitely even die because of the sharp decline observed for some time on the job market. For two reasons. Not only the number of unemployed who registered in the past five months employment center jumped from 111,400 in Class A (job seekers have not worked at all) and 136,700 in ABC (including those who have been active reduced).

Simplify the short-

But Xavier Bertrand has also confirmed that the figures for the newly unemployed at the end of October 2011, published Monday, "will not be good." Will not like those last two months of 2011, "because of a crisis that continues and intensifies at times on the ground"."There are 20,000 job seekers that could quickly get out of unemployment," promises Xavier Bertrand, who still intends to require companies subcontracting work, including automotive, better take into account the consequences of their choices on the activity and the use of subcontractors.

Themes of the presidential campaign

The Minister of Labour will also make an order to "simplify the mechanisms of short" made in 2008 in order to "keep the company employees rather than fire them, and train them." Xavier Bertrand also wants to up "for a permanent interim" to secure their jobs.

In the medium term, the Minister of Labour also suggests some topics that should find their place in the presidential campaign.

With the rise of mobile phones, plus any hotel guest does call from his room. A loss for the hotel, which charges sometimes indecent communications with margins. Some have found a solution to compensate for the shortfall: charge for access to Internet.

"60% of the hotel offer the Web in their facility to their customers, providing Mark Watkins, president of Coach Omnium, research firm specializing in tourism. For now, about half of the hotels are equipped with pay around 5 euros per hour. Two out of three customers accept when they have no choice, but they find it outrageous. This is not a money problem. For them, it's petty. "

Paradoxically, economy hotels tend to offer the connection and it is the high-end hotels that charge the most expensive.