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It is with relief that the financial markets have greeted the unemployment figures across the Atlantic for the month of August. After long hesitation in the morning, in the wake of fences New York markets and European markets have been raking in points after 14.30. In the middle of meeting, the CAC 40 has risen by 0.76% to 3659 points. At 15 hours, the ACC is closer to 3700 points (1.89%). At the London Stock Exchange, the FTSE-100 advance from 0.52% to 5399.14 points, and the German DAX 30, the Frankfurt Stock Exchange, rose 0.44% to 6110.88 points.

Before the announcement of the major statistical, investors remained cautious to say the least. "It does not happen much on the markets, who are eagerly awaiting the unemployment figures of the United States, says it in the rooms. Is a very important day. Nobody wants to get new paris before this indicator.Investors prefer to wait and see what is the recovery. " He added: "If the numbers are bad, I think the markets will fall heavily and not only Friday, but next week."

Services: slowdown in France, rising in Germany

Despite a slight decline as unexpected new listings weekly unemployment across the Atlantic on Thursday, the Labor Department is expected to announce this afternoon an increase in unemployment to 9.6%."The GDP is not growing fast enough to create hundreds of thousands of new jobs needed each month to reduce employment at its level before the crisis," said Christina Romer Thursday, who will leave at the end of the week his position as economic advisor of President Barack Obama.

Also across the Atlantic in 16 hours, the ISM index of activity in services for the month of August and a speech from Fed chairman in Atlanta, Dennis Lockhart on current economic conditions are also scheduled .

For the euro area, growth in services in France recorded a slight decline. Whereas 59.9, the PMI stood at 60.4 against 61.1 in July. In contrast, in Germany, he cons 57.2 56.5 in July. Although below expectations (58.5), it evolves to its highest level since August 2007.

Retail sales in the sixteen countries that have adopted the single currency rose 0.1% from June and 1.1% over one year. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast an average increase of 0.2% a month to month and 0.6% a year.

The meeting was much calmer on the microeconomic front, in the absence of publications, the wave of results for this quarter coming to an end the Paris Bourse.

GDF Suez Stock doped by a partnership

The Director General of the operator, France Telecom, Stéphane Richard, told Reuters on Thursday on the sidelines of the MEDEF Summer University he was confident in the outcome of discussions with Canal + on the fusion of strings Orange Cinema Series TV and TPS Star. It will also try to convince the government not to raise VAT on offers "triple play".France Telecom gained 0.25% on the stock market to 16.18 euros.

GDF Suez (2.09% to 26.75 euros) has signed a partnership with the Brazilian Eletrobras to develop transportation projects and energy production in Central and South America, and Africa.The two groups do not preclude joint ventures.

Air France-KLM (+0.27% to 10.96 euros) plans to create a structure "low cost" for medium-haul routes, especially from Orly to the province to counter the offensive of the British company at bottom EasyJet costs.

The Slovak government has decided to retire to a consortium led by Bouygues (-0.28% to 32.32 euros) a road construction project of $ 3.3 billion through a public-private partnership announced Thursday Slovak Minister of Transport, Jan Figel.

Venezuela will pay approximately $ 600 million (468 million euros) Casino (+0.20% at 66.20 euros) and other shareholders of the supermarket chain Exito nationalized in January said Thursday President Hugo Chavez.

Vinci (+1.05% at 37.14 euros) Thursday announced the acquisition by its subsidiary of Vinci Park UK Meteor Parking which achieves annual turnover of approximately 50 million pounds (60 million euros ), allowing it to become number four in the sector in the United Kingdom.

LVMH (0.81% to 97.25 euros) a court decision is expected this Friday on an appeal by eBay, convicted in 2008 for dissemination and distribution of counterfeit perfume off approved.

Pernod-Ricard still in the red

On the side of the steepest declines, we find Sanofi-Aventis, still in talks to buy the company Genzyme bio technologies. The value is 0.54% to 46.63 euros, after losing 0.53% on Thursday. Pernod-Ricard continues in the red after the publication Thursday of disappointing results.After having yielded 2.37% on Thursday, back down 1.68% to 60.22 euros on Friday.

Ipsen (+0.26% at 27.27 euros) has signed an agreement with the Swiss pharmaceutical company Santhera Pharmaceuticals. The laboratory has received a license to market the fipamezole, a drug that helps relieve the symptoms of this disease in the world, except Japan and North America.

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After the low-fare success (Dacia Logan), the self-proclaimed "cheapest car in the world" (the Tata Nano), here is the ultra-low-cost Avtovaz. The Russian group, 25% owned by Renault, will launch in late 2011 a new model, the Granta. It is primarily for Avtovaz to appoint a successor to its ancient Lada Classic, which dates from 1966. Replica of the Fiat 124, the Lada is still the second best selling car in Russia, with its sole asset prices: 170,000 rubles (4,300 euros).

Avtovaz does not leave this market segment to competition from China or India. Granta is sold 220,000 rubles (5,600 euros). A price that is far below that of a Logan entry-level, hence the idea of the ultra-low-cost.

The rest is a matter of industrial process and sharing platform, the concept dear to car manufacturers and enabling them to lower their production costs.The Granta benefit from the platform of the Kalina, a model launched in 2004 which has not met with great commercial success. "Renault has helped teams Avtovaz to improve the quality of its models," said a spokesman for the French group. In addition, Avtovaz build its new city (of a size comparable to a Twingo) in its factory in Togliatti, 1,000 kilometers from Moscow, where labor costs remain low.

Tomorrow, the export?

For the Russian manufacturer, it is not missing the boat. This will be the first model launched by the "new" Avtovaz. However, the group really need to burnish his image and give it a quick facelift.

The Granta is primarily intended for the Russian market. But, like other Lada, it may be exported. "Renault will use this model was not defined e ', do you know in French. Everything is possible.Includes entry into the Western market for a new model even cheaper than Logan (7,600 euros in entry-level, excluding promotions).

Through Avtovaz, Renault approaching the threshold of new symbolic price of 5,000 euros which had underpinned the launch of the Logan, they are not reached by the group. For now, only few Chinese manufacturers and Avtovaz succeeded. In other words, there is no new car, responding to Western standards to 5.000 euros. The Granta could come fill this gap.

Other models of the group will soon be built at the factory in Togliatti. Beginning in 2012, adapted versions of Logan Lada station wagon and van will be manufactured, followed by Nissan, Renault and then two. A location of production that overcomes the prohibitive tariffs imposed by the Russian government.

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Remy Cointreau will he a toast to celebrate the growth of its sales in the first quarter of fiscal year 2010-2011? From April to June 2010, the total turnover amounted in effect to 170.9 million euros, up 19.3% excluding currency effects (23.6% as reported) from Figures released on Thursday on the group's website. Off partner brands, sales totaled 149.7 million euros, increasing by 21.3% excluding currency effects (25.7% as reported).

The group attributes this success to "the effectiveness of its new distribution system [established on 1 April 2009, note], the strength of its brands and the relevance of its marketing investments."

The cognac and champagne up sharply

Remy Cointreau is pleased that the sales growth for all regions except Japan.

The group of wines and spirits enjoy the exhilaration of the cognac sector advancing by 37.7% organic. Remy Cointreau said the "very positive dynamic in China and in Travel Retail" adding that "the United States and Europe are also growing."

The champagne also rebounded 20.7% after problems at the end of last year. The group said that in Japan and Australia, growth is adversely affected by high inventories.

However, the sector Liquors and Spirits trouble restarting. He recorded a slight increase of 0.4% as reported and a decline of 3.4% excluding currency effects.

"Staying the course"

Remy Cointreau said that "in a still uncertain economic environment," he "stays the course with its strategy of long-term value," focusing on "development of its leading brands."

The group said it had "successfully issued a bond of 205 million euros in June last and benefit from the improved level of the dollar against the euro.

The Cabinet will host today at the Elysee a guest: Wolfgang Schäuble, Minister of Finance and strongman of the government of Angela Merkel. Last survivor of the dinosaur era Kohl, Schäuble, 67, is both the most Francophile and most pro-European ministers in Germany. This man of iron is outspoken apostle of rigor in Germany but also in Europe.President Sarkozy and his government, which had inspired his brake mechanism to debt, lend him an ear.

This is the first time a German minister participates in a French Cabinet, a symbolic meeting to be held under the theme of "European economic governance," a topic that has divided President Nicolas Sarkozy and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

To revive the Franco-German, Paris and Berlin had decided in early February to open the meetings of government ministers of both countries. In late March, Christine Lagarde, with whom he maintains a good relationship, had attended a cabinet meeting Merkel in Berlin. Schäuble was forced to postpone his visit to the French Council of Ministers, in May, for health reasons.

It tames the suffering

This practicing Protestant was never one to panic.Some in Europe have criticized him his reluctance to rush to the aid of Greece. Schäuble dream aloud of a federal Europe. He put one on the table the creation of a European Monetary Fund. A mechanism has been adopted approached in early May by the euro area but in his absence: he had been rushed to hospital in Brussels. A poorly healed wound was nailed to a hospital bed, where he led his ministry for several weeks cash advance loan. What has not failed to feed the rumors about his departure from government.

But it has long been tamed Schäuble suffering. Minister of Interior of Kohl, his life is turned upside down in 1990, when he fell under the bullets of a balance. An avid tennis, the ambitious politician finds himself in a wheelchair, paralyzed from the chest down.His wife suggested that he give up politics. It is at the head of his department after several weeks of convalescence. And now asserts that his passion for politics has helped to overcome the ordeal, which he calls "this shit". Gray eminence of Helmut Kohl, which was also the dolphin, it was he who negotiated the contract of German reunification with East Germany.

His ambitions were often thwarted. For example, Kohl's, for which he retains a deep respect, clung to power for 16 years, only disappearing never to its advantage. In the late 1990s, Schäuble flows in the case of the CDU slush funds: he accepted 100,000 DM jars of wine a sour arms dealer to finance the party. The case forced him to resign from the head of the Conservative Party and bar him permanently road to the Chancery. Then between Merkel track.Fearing that it will make him the shadow Chancellor he preferred another candidate for the Presidency of the Republic. Merkel, who sought a strong man to hold his government partners Liberals imposed the Ministry of Finance. He has gained the nickname "Sparminator.

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The morale of French households do not seem to favor a clear recovery in consumption. In the first quarter, sales of Casino in France and have fallen 0.9% after falling 2.7% in 2009. Although the strong growth recorded by the distributor Stéphanois abroad (10.2% in the first quarter, after 5% last year) largely offset this decline, the group must respond. Jean-Charles Naouri, its CEO, shares his strategy in an interview with Le Figaro.

LE FIGARO – The morale of your customer shops is it affected by the crisis?

Jean-Charles Naouri – Many signs show that pessimism has worsened. He returned in September 2008, at the peak of the crisis. Because of the crisis of Greek and that of the euro, the fear of job loss has increased and concern about the standard of living reached a record high since 2007.The French prefer the job security of their purchasing power and their careers. This general pessimism is, however disconnected from the real economy, which seems to gradually resume. France is no longer in a situation of danger of deflation, the interest rates are permanently lower a guarantee for the future, and the weak euro is an element of recovery. The figures, including our own business performance, there are better a couple years.

Consumer behavior change it?

We found two relatively recent trends Firstly, in an environment seen as more complex, consumers no longer want it decides for them. They want to regain control over product quality, origin and value for money in particular.Similarly, while far to the client, other consumers were at best indifferent and at worst seen as troublemakers, he now draws more and more choices to their preferences and ratings. This horizontal communication facilitated by the Internet, this new proximity, we must reflect and inspire us to develop relationships with our customers in and outside the store.

How are you adapting?

We have a head start in this area because we have long been close to the heart of our strategy. We could for example indicate, in each point of sale, the preferred products or selling. We already strong commitments on the quality of our products.We reassure our customers, for example about what they buy indicating on the Casino-brand products, in addition to the nutritional use their carbon footprint, or that they are without oil palm and gluten free. We just put in place within the group, a Health Committee attended by several senior experts whose mission is to anticipate health issues and help Casino make good choices on offer. We also test systems dematerialized Innovative allowing customers to share their recommendations.

Hypermarkets Géant Casino continue to lose market share.Are they so essential for the massification of procurement and management of shopping malls you plan to transfer them not to invest in your most promising formats nearby?

I believe in small and medium format hypermarkets (6 000-8 000 square meters), which constitute the backbone of malls. I believe in the relevance of non-food offer in textiles, leisure and household equipment. Casino no reason to separate from Géant. Our superstores are as profitable as those of our competitors, and we set the target that market share has stabilized Géant Casino this year.Remember, also, that 40% of group turnover from international have a double-digit growth in France and the formats most carriers (Franprix, Monoprix supermarket Casino …) know sustained growth, which boosts the overall growth of revenues of Casino.

How is the recovery of your brand discount Leader Price, whose sales fell sharply last year?

This is another priority group in France in 2010. We are very pleased with the sales growth in stores converted to the new concept and we are accelerating the pace of refurbishment of outlets from week to week.

Could you introduce CDiscount stock exchange to accelerate the deleveraging of the group?

This is not the agenda.A listing imposes many constraints on management whose priority now is to continue double-digit growth in turnover. We are the leader, but in a very competitive environment.

Can you imagine Rueducommerce complementarities with the site, which Rally has just 8% of capital?

It is a very minority participation, without presence on the board of directors.

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Quiet weekend on Wall Street. On Friday, the U.S. stock market finished on a small increase of 0.16% at 10,451 points. The Nasdaq gained 0.11% to 2310 points while the S & P takes 0.13% to 1118 points.

Thursday already, Wall Street has ended in the green of accuracy at the very end of the day for the seventh straight session. This Friday, the meeting was a meeting of "four witches, one return is the quarterly expiration of four futures contracts: stock options, index options, futures and equity contracts index futures. The day has been less volatile than expected.

For the week, the Dow Jones gained 2.33%, the Nasdaq is 3.56% while the S & P wins 2.37%.

DSK reassuring spain

Today, no major macroeconomic appointment was expected.Investors have kept a close eye on the outcome of discussions between the IMF Managing Director Dominique Strauss-Kahn, and Spanish Prime Minister Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero. The IMF was very reassuring to turn on the country's ability to emerge from its difficulties financières.La day, following the Summit of Heads of State in Brussels, President Nicolas Sarkozy, also ensured that there was "no concern" about the financial health of Spain and no rescue plan was the agenda.

The markets have greeted the news without euphoria.The tension seems to be but fell from a cran.Sur the foreign exchange market, the euro lost some ground late in the day after playing just above the threshold of $ 1.24 in the morning.

Wells Fargo and Freddie Mac under pressure

On the side of values, Wells Fargo (0.29% to 28.01 dollars) and Freddie Mac (who signs a beautiful cascade of -15.90% to 0.43 U.S. dollars) has announced that it indirectly affected by the spill. The default rate of loans in the affected area is progressing, particularly in the case of enterprises in the tourism sector.Wells Fargo offers 90 days additional time for payment to households and suspend foreclosures in this area.

Always on the side of values, action BP (+0.16% to 31.76 U.S. dollars) which has soared from 8% the day following the company's decision to reduce investments and increase asset sale non-strategic to 10 billion dollars, should remain in the spotlight much longer. The 20 billion of deposits to compensate victims of oil pollution in the Gulf of Mexico also had a positive effect on the group's image.

Motorola (0.97% to 7.26 dollars) will buy most of its debt and inject liquidity into the mobile handset subsidiary that intends to create by means of a split, it was learned sources familiar with the matter.

The tone rises between the administration of Barack Obama and BP. The head of the American branch of the oil company, Lamar McKay, said Tuesday at a hearing in Congress, he refused to promise the creation of an escrow account to compensate victims of oil spills in the Gulf of Mexico. The $ 20 billion has been raised in a letter to the CEO of BP, Tony Hayward. "I am not able to tell if an account is established or not," said Lamar McKay. "I can not commit, either one way or the other"

The idea had been raised by the White House. Several members of Congress while announcing their desire to put pressure on BP to put it in receivership on payment of its dividend in order to ensure compensation for victims of the disaster, compared to a "September 11th green" by Barack Obama.

According to the White House press secretary, Robert Gibbs, is already preparing the risposta in the Oval Office. Barack Obama will "be forced either to reach an agreement with BP to withdraw their control of the process of claims and entrusted to an independent structure, so that people who have been harmed to obtain the money they is due, "said the spokesman. The administration is based on the polluter pays law in force in the United States, which requires BP to pay the costs of plugging the leak of oil, cleaning the polluted coastline and compensation for victims.Traveling in Pensacola Beach, Florida, Bush assured the residents affected by the oil spill that would "whatever it takes, as long as it takes to be sure that BP is paying for the damage that it has caused.

An oration

President Barack Obama has formally addressed his countrymen on Tuesday at 8:00 p.m. (2:00 am, Paris time). He will be speaking from the Oval Office of the White House, space reserved for the most serious crises and whom he'd never used a speech to the nation.

A senior, Bush will announce the appointment of a person responsible for restoring long-term disaster areas by the oil spill that pollutes the Gulf of Mexico. The "czar" as the press dubbed the American mission will be to "restore the Gulf of Mexico.Not to where it was the day when the accident occurred. But to restore it to where it was years ago: to increase the life and vitality of the species, wildlife and natural beauty that characterizes the Gulf of Mexico, "said Robert Gibbs.

Barack Obama will set out above "the need to reduce our dependence vis-a-vis oil and fossil fuels" No faxing 1 hour payday loans. He will also discuss the "changes necessary for such a disaster never happens again more. According to an anonymous source, the U.S. president will "present the measures taken to protect those who suffer financially from this disaster, especially during the process of compensation."

"The tragedy was avoidable

Under pressure, BP must also face competition that dares to push it."I am convinced that the independent investigation will show that this tragedy was preventable," and called John Watson, head of oil company Chevron to members of the Committee on Energy and Commerce House of Representatives. The explosion and the sinking of the platform in late April Deepwater Horizon "show once again that all companies must work under the same strict safety and reliability. It is obvious that not following these rules has serious consequences, "he added.

"It is imperative that an investigation expert, impartial and comprehensive investigation takes place, because this incident represents a serious breach of standards relating to offshore drilling, for his part stressed the boss of ExxonMobil, Rex Tillerson .

In addition to the Chevron boss and ExxonMobil, ConocoPhillips and Shell were present. Facing them, Lamar McKay attempted to defend his group."I want to make things clear: BP will know no rest until the wells will not be under control and that we do not understand what happened," he said.

Ficth puts his two cents

BP has several weeks to manage its bad reputation. The group would also relies on advisers to help him. The efforts required will be considerable, especially since the rating agency Fitch has come to contribute to the debate on Tuesday, lowering the notches of six notes of the British major. The latter is now BBB AA cons. Fitch maintains it under "surveillance implications". The rating agency is particularly concerned that BP may be forced by U.S. authorities to place large sums into accounts in receivership.This is the first time that the note of BP is lowered several notches by the three leading rating agencies worldwide and it falls below the AA.

At the London Stock Exchange, BP shares ended the session on a further drop of 3.78% to 342 pence while the FTSE close up on 0.30%. In New York, the action is able to earn 2.18% to 31.31 dollars during the session on a market up 1.22%.

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The World arouses much envy. Reportedly, a pair of French investors, the financier Pierre Berg? and Matthew Pigasse (boss of Lazard France) have already created an ad hoc finance their investment group Le Monde, which must find at least 50 million euros of fresh money by the summer. They could submit their applications before the end of June, when the direction of the World should submit details of its recapitalization plan to vote of its shareholders.

For its part, Le Nouvel Observateur has formalized its commitment Tuesday night to climb to the capital of the world which holds 1.75%. "Given the funding problems that arise, Le Nouvel Observateur can not remain indifferent and wants to contribute to a solution that preserves this independence," he said.Contacted yesterday, confirming The World "in talks with the group Nouvel Observateur, which is not the only one with which he pursues the talks". Spanish Prisa, a shareholder of 15.01% of the world, and L'Espresso have already expressed their interest in recent months.

After three sessions of gains, the U.S. markets have found equilibrium after having been driven for much of the meeting, with good statistics.

At the close, the Dow Jones ended down 0.09% at 10,397 points, the Nasdaq ended in perfect balance, to 2281 points while the S & P 500 ended with a tentative increase of 0.04% to 1119 points.

However, the U.S. private sector has destroyed 20,000 jobs in February, which represents the net number of redundancies, the lowest since the beginning of the fall in employment two years ago, according to the monthly survey released Wednesday by the cabinet ADP . This is consistent with the median consensus forecast of analysts.

And the destruction of jobs in the private sector in the United States have continued to slow in February, falling to their lowest level since the beginning of the fall in employment two years ago, according to ADP.And activity in services in the United States, which accelerated more than expected in February, to 53, its highest level in over a year.

But even if the austerity plan announced Wednesday by Greece reassured, "some fear that if Greece is doing, markets n'aillent look to other problem countries in Europe. This is something that must be taken into account throughout the year 2010, "Rick Meckler moderates of LibertyView Capital Management. At 18 hours, the Dow Jones gained 0.31% and 0.37% on Nasdaq.

Furthermore, the Beige Book Fed confirmed the scenario of slow growth in the United States in 2010.

Oil prices gained more than a dollar Wednesday, boosted by a bout of weakness in the dollar and signs of a rebound in consumption of fuels in the United States, even if otherwise crude stocks rose sharply last week.The barrel of Brent North Sea crude for April delivery gained 84 cents to 79.02 dollars compared to the closing price on the InterContinental Exchange (ICE) in London easy payday loans .

The euro goes off in higher Wednesday, supported by the austerity measures announced by Greece. The single currency back above the $ 1.37 dollar to 1.3727 (1.3%).

On the values front

At the close, the biggest capitailsations have lost some ground they had gained earlier in the meeting.

The maker of construction equipment Caterpillar took 0.76% to 58.59 dollars, the aluminum producer Alcoa 0.76% to 13.34 dollars and industrial conglomerate General Electric 0.88% to 16.04 dollars .

The title of the pharmaceutical company Pfizer has lost 1.65% to 17.31 dollars.e pharmaceutical group is preparing to launch a bid of nearly four billion dollars for the German manufacturer of generic drugs Ratiopharm GmbH, reported Wednesday several sources close to the situation. In its wake, are the values of health have weighed heavily on the trend.

The specialist mining equipment Joy Global has published forecasts welcomed by investors, as the climbing 5.85% to 54.51 dollars.

Group Title Barrick Gold Gold rose 1.75% to 40.16 dollars.

The title of the software company Novell has soared by 28%, to 6.08 dollars.The investment fund Elliott Associates offers to buy the entire group with an offer of 5.75 dollars per share in cash, for a total market capitalization of two billion dollars.

Costco Wholesale (-1.14% to 60.7 U.S. dollars) has reported a quarterly profit up supported by a resurgence of attendance. For its second quarter ended February 14, 2010, Costco posted a profit of $ 299 million, 67 cents per share, against 239 million, 55 cents per share, a year ago.

The ranking of colleges is a bit like the top 3 of world tennis: No. 1 (whether Federer in tennis or HEC in higher education) is rarely overthrown while the other two (Nadal and Djokovic or Essec and ESCP) shall be held in a handkerchief. The 2009 list of major business schools of Figaro (which this year 39 schools) did not mark a change from that of last year, the elite French business schools is its rank and maintains distance on its competitors . Things are moving instead in the top 8 because Euromed Management moved up one spot, placing themselves and now tied with Grenoble School of Management. It must be said that the school Marseille, which recently opened a campus in Marrakech, displays high ambition: to enter 2014 in the top 30 best business schools in Europe.The objectives of the school run by Bernard Belletante illustrate perfectly those of the schools' top of the basket ": international development. In this chapter, for the 2nd consecutive year, ESCP Europe, the five school campuses, is tied with ESSEC. Two points separate the total HEC.

Increase faculty

The prize for biggest jump back this year to the EM Strasbourg, winning seven seats and rose to 15th among major business schools, tied with ESCEM Tours-Poitiers. It is this leap particularly dramatic increase its faculty from 40 teacher-researchers in 2008 to 90 this year. Since the beginning, the Strasbourg institution also offers courses 100% bilingual English-French or Franco-German in the first year, reinforcing its image as an international school in the capital of Europe.Other progress to report, the Reims Management School, which accounts for three places better (9th).

New mastered

Conversely, some schools suffer declines in our ranking as the ESC Clermont, which gives 10 seats and settled into 29th position. It is true that many schools are entering this year and upset some hierarchies of mid-table. Include ISG Paris (39th), Advancia (31st), EDC Paris (36th) or CSEC (27th), who obtained the rank of master in 2009, awarded by the Helfer. The arrival of these two groups confirms the site – and merits – the model schools accessible after the tray. Number one in this category, IESEG consolidates its position in the top 20.The school, which won two seats, coming in 18th position, ahead of the ESC Lille, Rennes, or Dijon Troyes … Proof that schools in five years have earned their credentials.

Educational Initiatives

That leaves the ESC smaller in size, but regionally rooted, and that appeal to students seeking a coaching major and promotions reduced.Their educational initiatives are also assets, whether in the field of social responsibility and citizenship (humanitarian projects at ESC La Rochelle), disability (ESC Amiens) or Entrepreneurship (with Springboard Business at ESC Chambery). Whatever their size and position in the charts, however, these schools are judged by students and their parents on a single test in the coming months: their ability to integrate their promotions on a market l employment rather unfavorable for young graduates.

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