Live News

Wage discrimination between men and women has been the subject of numerous reports. That between heterosexuals and homosexuals had never been studied. Until today. Two economists from the University of Evry have considered this matter and found a gap of 6.5% on average in the private sector and 5.5% year on public Liberation reported Saturday. A result based on a sample of 904 cases.

This difference was found "all things being equal", the newspaper said, that is to say, qualifications and duties equal, in businesses of similar size, etc.. "After dismissing all the biases that could distort the results, we arrive at a pay gap is said unexplained", explains Thierry Laurent, co-authored the study with Ferhat Mihoubi. Only males are affected by this discrimination. The lesbians do not suffer any apparent loss of wages "unexplained".

This discrimination does not affect all gays with the same force. The less educated and the young could be less discriminated against, while the widening gap with the qualifications and experience. As a percentage of the "visibility" of an employee within the company, analyze the two economists. The young staff are more secure, with little "visible" for competitive examination.

"Marriage premium"

The results of the study are close to the observed differences in wages abroad, but it must include "marriage premium" observed in France. A married man will win because on average 4% more than a single. Homosexuals can not have access to marriage, they are doubly penalized.In the U.S., according to a study published in October 2007 and based on the study of 91,000 cases, a gay employee earns an average 23% less than heterosexual married counterparts.

In France, these wage differentials are explained, the two authors argue, by homophobia. "A CSA poll conducted in March 2009, said Liberation, revealed that 28% of private sector employees do not feel" very comfortable "with the fact that their colleague is gay.

In as little as 15 minutes you can receive online life insurance quotes without medical exam for coverage up to $500,000.

On this day a national holiday in France, the economic future clouded for the United States. Retail sales fell 0.5% in June after falling 1.1% in May, and import prices fell 1.3% last month. Some due to a 2.3% drop in auto sales, others because of falling oil prices and rising dollar. All these indicators disappointing in addition to reserves of crude continue to decline. Only bonen news: the budget deficit continues to decline. If Congress sees an encouraging sign, he is aware that the United States enjoy the benefits of its rescue plan and the increase in assets held by the Fed.

In these circumstances, the Fed seeks to be less optimistic about the United States.Within minutes of its monetary policy meeting in June released Wednesday, the Fed has lowered its forecast for growth in the U.S. this year. U.S. GDP is expected to be between 3% and 3.5%, while three months ago, it was a growth from 3.2% to 3.7%.

Consequently, the Fed anticipates a slower decline in unemployment this year. The unemployment rate should be between 9.2% and 9.5%, between 8.3% and 8.7% in 2011 (against 8.1% to 8.5% projected earlier) and between 7.1 % and 7.5% in 2012 (against 6.6% and 7.5%).

Fear of deflation

The deteriorating outlook led the U.S. central bank to consider further action on monetary policy to support the U.S. economy. Its leaders have already agreed a policy accommodative, ie a decline in interest rates was not necessary."The committee would need to consider whether further support could be appropriate if the outlook were to worsen significantly," we read in the minutes. He added: "A small number of participants cited a risk of deflation."

Anyway, it is clear that the maintenance of low levels of interest rates does not seem to be enough to revive the U.S. economy more vigorously. The meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee of 22 and 23 June had maintained the interest rate the Fed close to zero, in hopes of boosting up the credit and economic activity.

Wall Street plunges into the red

The markets have been quick to respond to these new expectations: having moved solidly in the green mid-session, the NYSE has quickly sunk into the red.Around 8:40 p.m., the Dow Jones lost 0.40% to 10,321 points and the S & P 500 retreated 0.46% to 1090 points, while Nasdaq was flat at 2,242 points.

Betwixt and cons crisis, employee ownership is booming, if you believe a study of the consulting firm Hewitt Associates, which interviewed 56 companies, listed on the Paris Bourse, the CAC 40 SBF SBF 120 or 250. Among them, 88% claimed to have in 2010 further encouraged their employees to become shareholders, 92% through the CIPF (mutual fund company), 47% through actions. 26% of companies offer bonus shares, which represents almost two times more than in 2009.

Last year, despite the crisis, they have continued to assist their employees in their savings effort: nearly half of companies have set up a contribution. Nearly 70% of companies shall, in addition to developing new employee share plans at least every two years.Convinced of the value of the managerial ownership, 91% of businesses use it to reinforce the sense of employee and 63% for muscle motivational forces.

Finally, 59% say there are more pragmatically additional financial benefits to supplement wages sometimes down. But employee ownership offers advantages that … Too strong, it might even be a hindrance if the company wants to open its capital: 50% of companies (against 27% in 2009) suggest a reluctance on their main shareholders development of employee ownership.

LE FIGARO. – The network of ERDF is it as bad a condition as the report says the CRE?

Michele Bellon. – First of all, I said that not only this report is not new, but it has not been validated by the CRE. On the merits, ERDF has not slowed its investments in the network. For three years, the curve has inverted the contrary: in 2009, investments have been 2.3 billion euros, up 13.5% compared to 2008. This year we should exceed 2.5 billion euros. In general, it is less the level of investments that benefit them in sharpening our thinking today.We are in discussions with local communities to effectively address all the weaknesses of the network, where it is necessary to optimize the operation.

The cutoff time for users, however, increased significantly …

We must compare what is comparable. I read for example that this time would be cut almost doubled since the early 2000s. Except that we have had unprecedented weather events over a very short period. In 2009, the two storms Klaus and Quentin have been very disadvantageous to our infrastructure. However, thanks to the exceptional mobilization of the company, 90% of customers have been replenished in four days, this period has been reduced to two days during Xynthia in early 2010.If we ignore these weather disasters, the comparison with other European countries shows that in this field, France is well positioned.

An increase in transmission tariffs is necessary?

The problem is not only the issue of tariffs. However, the company is imposed today a number of benefits that do not fall directly within its original specifications. In particular, we assume a significant portion of the costs of connecting wind turbines and photovoltaic systems. These are considerable, but they could be allocated for maintenance and strengthening of the network. I would like, in the near future, the funding of new services entrusted to ERDF is fully identified and compensated.ERDF acting course for development of renewable energy, but we can not only support this growth.

ERDF is in the crosshairs of local authorities, who point to a poor quality of services. What say you?

We have renewed the dialogue. I want to strengthen the territorial proximity with officials, it is even more essential that the unions, which provide electrification project management in rural areas, are members of the National Federation of Local Authorities and licensors.

ALSO READ:

"EDF accused of neglecting the maintenance of the network

"EDF calls for an increase in electricity prices

"Exchange boss ERDF

The scenario is perfect for a Hollywood film debut. One trader, tired and under pressure in a trading room of one of the largest banks, wants to spend a few million dollars – a commonplace in the current financial – on the S & P 500 stock index, which American has 500 capitalizations payday loans.
The Dow Jones fell to 9873 points, while he was at 10,880 points in early trading.

Porthmouth bankrupt, condemned Manchester United to assume debt of 826 million euros of its owner Malcolm Glazer … The elite of English football suffered the brunt of financial crisis. And it is not finished. According to the British press, Tom Hicks and George Gillett, owner of Liverpool Football Club, has mandated Barclays Capital, the investment banking subsidiary of Barclays to sell the club. "This is not a surprise when we know their philosophy on Liverpool, says Vincent warmShe, head of sport Ineum Consulting.They clearly did not want to invest any book in the club they use as a "cash cow".

Under the pressure put by the creditors of the club – Royal Bank of Scotland claiming payment of 100 million pounds (113 million euros) – and the rise of a club like Manchester City who could play spoilsport at within the 'Big Four' (Chelsea, Manchester United, Arsenal, Liverpool), Liverpool has no other choice but to respond. "If Liverpool wants to keep pace with competitors sporting their English, Spanish and German, they must have a stadium of over 50,000 seats," said Vincent warmShe.If the project was suspended due to financial crisis, Liverpool have received permission to build a new 60,000-capacity stadium in Stanley Park to Anfield to replace that with a capacity of 42,000 seats.

The owners want to EUR 565 million

Since their arrival in Liverpool, the two investors are highly contested by both the Reds fans as the club's creditors. In addition to sports scores means, they mostly blew the debt of the club, which currently reaches 237 million pounds (268 million euros) No fax pay day loans. "Like Manchester United, Liverpool is a club that generate healthy lot of money. But that money only serves to cover the debts of their owners. What constitutes a serious handicap for their sports investments."Says Vincent warmShe.

Sixth in the Premier League – the equivalent of League 1 in England – and therefore not qualified for the next Champions League, Liverpool disappoint again this season. "Liverpool is facing a triple handicap: an owner who does not invest a stage too small and sports results disappointing. If the club continues in this path, he will find himself in big trouble. The end of the season is in this sense a real turning point. They must finish in the top four, "says Vincent warmShe.

The two owners of the club then realized it was time to make a substantial capital gain. They hope to gain from the sale of Liverpool, they bought 217 million pounds (245 million euros) in 2007, 500 million pounds (566 million euros). However, in three years, the value of the pound has fallen sharply: in 2007, a pound was worth just under EUR 1.50.Today, ell worth just over 1, 13 euro.

The case is far from being tied up: Tom Hicks and George Gillett have received an offer for now 118 million pounds (133 million euros) to buy 40% stake, valuing the club at least 300 million pounds (339 million euros).

ALSO READ: "A new record for Real Madrid

"The elite of European football known as the crisis

New stage in the battle between Airbus and Boeing at the World Trade Organization (WTO). The WTO should make public today its decision on state aid received by Airbus as a result of a complaint filed by U.S. rival in 2004. She had already published September 4 last first report of 1 000 pages, weighed 10 000 pages of appendices on the subject.

The new document will be submitted to the European Commission and the U.S. Administration should resume the main conclusions of the September. According to one expert dossier "gave the first report due to 30% for Boeing and Airbus to 70%.

No refund

Boeing criticizes the system of repayable advances granted by Germany, France, England and Spain to Airbus by saying he does not respect international trade rules.The advances are repayable loans granted by the States. According to Boeing, Airbus can borrow money at rates lower than market. He also challenged other aid. It has, for example, estimated that widening roads in the region of Toulouse to help build the A380 was a form of disguised subsidies. The WTO did not accept the latter charge.

Following the WTO ruling, the European Union will enter the court of the WTO Appellate no fax cash loans . For its part, Airbus has also filed a complaint against Boeing in the WTO. According to experts from European aircraft manufacturer, the Boeing would have earned 14 billion of public subsidies paid by American States, NASA and the Pentagon over the period 1992-2005. The WTO will review its aid U.S. in June.The case is particularly complex, should know its epilogue in 2013. Whatever it is, the final decision will have no retroactive effect. Neither Airbus nor Boeing will not refund overpayments if convicted. It will simply change the system in place for the future.

Faced with this situation, Airbus proposes that Europe and the United States sit "at the negotiating table to discuss a system that satisfies everyone," said Tuesday the communications director of Airbus .The flattening of support systems in Europe and the United States would avoid that "we pulled our eyes while many competitors argue, particularly from Japan, an ally of Boeing and China.

ALSO READ:

"Subsidies to Airbus: The WTO does not resolve

The subsidy battle aeronautical bounce

"Boeing will surpass Airbus in 2011

Despite a very mixed report on oil reserves in the United States, oil prices closed sharply higher Wednesday after being propelled in New York above $ 83 for the first time in 15 months. Around 1700 GMT, a barrel of "light Texas crude (WTI) traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (Nymex) for the same maturity, gained 1.11 dollars to 82.88 dollars after climbing to 83.15 dollars, a level not seen since October 9, 2008. At the same time, the price of Brent North Sea crude for February delivery took $ 1.12 to 81.71 dollars on the InterContinental Exchange (ICE) in London.Black gold benefits and good results-IMS services in the United States, and economic optimism across the Atlantic.

Having spent most of sitting down, prices of black gold have suddenly fallen off after 16:30, is modeled on the movement of the dollar, which collapsed suddenly at same time. Fellowships, too apathetic during the meeting, have also rebounded late in the session. The FTSE in London has hit the end of meeting a new record close for 16 months, to 5530.04 points.

Instead of declining oil reserves, the ministry revealed an increase of stocks of 1.3 million barrels during the week ending January 1. The reserves of distillates have certainly dropped a little (-300,000 barrels) but the massive decline (1.8 million barrels) expected by analysts did not happen.

While tourism remains weakened by the crisis, TUI AG is doing rather well. The German group published its results on Tuesday nine months, from January 1 to September 30. Boosted by gains from the sale of 43.3% owner of Hapag-Lloyd AG, net income was multiplied by ten. It stood at 401 million euros, against 45 million euros over the first nine months of 2008.

These figures will serve as the annual results for the year 2009. TUI rose on a year shifted from October 2009. "This positive development shows clearly that our tourism business is fundamentally healthy and that over time," said Michael Frenzel, CEO of the group, in a statement. The turnover, now entirely generated by tourism, but has slipped to 14% on a year to 13.1 billion euros.Subsidiaries TUI Travel (tours), TUI Hotels & Resorts (hotels and clubs) and TUI Cruises (cruises) have seen their business drop by 14%, 5% and 9% respectively. The weakness of the pound has also weighed.

Despite the difficult environment, operating income was up 5% to 696 million euros over the year amputated in 2009. And its evolution should remain "stable" for the current year, the statement said. Michael Frenzel is optimistic. The turnover and profits should start rising from 2010/2011, "if the economy recovers as expected.

"And soon it will be like Citro?n: the air conditioning for 1 euro more. Where is it? ". On the automotive forums, the news did not pass. Porsche diffuse spot on M6, BFM TV, LCI, Paris Premi?re and ITV to sell its Cayman and Boxster S? Almost unimaginable yet true.

For the first time in France and since mid-November, the Stuttgart manufacturer has opted for a TV advertising to sell a vehicle. His last appearance on the screen goes back to 2000 but at the time, it was a pub where Porsche boasted the success of the band!

This time, he must sell. This is why the German broadcasts a spot almost disappointing simplicity where a car rolls, filmed from all angles, with a traditional voice. Work is yet signed the chic Parisian agency Dufresne Corrigan Scarlett, who manages the brand communication for 10 years.Criticized on the form, she said it is difficult to advertise for a sophisticated sport when the Regulatory Authority's professional advertising bans motor noise or incentives to speed. "For designers, it's hell," says Olivier Bouas Lawrence for Development.

"Watch the video spot:

Despite the size of the challenge is that the agency has proposed launching a campaign builder, "because we've noticed that see a Porsche in motion is less frustrating than to see the frozen ice on paper" Franck Lachaize said innocently, and CEO of the agency. "Anyway, the issue is not whether the creation is good but if the message of accessibility of the brand is perceived, slice Bouas Lawrence Olivier.

Breaking the myth

The message in question is more surprising that the spot itself.Porsche has for the first time on television on a payment by installment. It is an offer of financing lease with option to purchase (LOA). The Cayman S is offered at 550 euros per month for 36 months after a cash contribution of 19,262 euros in first rent and then the final payment of a check for 32,436 euros. Total cost of vehicle: 71,693.22 euros TTC. The sales technique, based on that average range of manufacturers, shocking the purists.

For management marketing group, no controversy. "In the public mind, our prices are 20% to 30% more expensive in reality. With this LOA, we wanted to challenge, to prove that driving a Porsche is possible.It is true that not used to seeing it on the high end, but it must change, "is justified Henckes Colas, Head of Marketing of Porsche France.

Raking in the wider public

Since the launch of advertising, management chasing rumors circulating on the net, accusing her of selling Porsche cars and demystify the mark. "This is false. We do not allow ourselves to surrender. Moreover, the spots are very focused and does not concern the general public, "he defends Colas Henckes.

But the speeches can not hide reality. So far, the brand did not need to appear on TV to inspire envy. The crisis has changed things. Porsche should boost sales of its Cayman and Boxster S, segment 2 seater coupe and roadster in difficulty reflecting lower sales by 35% between 2008 and 2009."It is true that we must be more aggressive in times of crisis," says marketing manager, who welcomed the passage of the arrival of new types of customers despite a highly targeted media plan. "Television is a magical medium," says Franck Lachaize, director of communications agency.

Porsche is now obligated to match the methods of BMW, Mercedes and Audi, who compete in multiple segments. A shift in brand communication, which marks the end of an age-old marketing strategy based on discretion.

Spun off

This turn is motivated by the results fell into the red. In fiscal year 2008/2009 ended in late July, the German said sales fell by 12% to 6.6 billion euros. Production fell 27% to 76,700 cars and accounts have resulted in a net loss of 3.6 billion euros.

In addition to the crisis automobile manufacturer has trouble swallowing the loss of the battle he engaged in Volkswagen (VW) for the acquisition of the latter. It eventually will become VW owns 49.9% of Porsche by 2014. The failure of this merger has boosted the net debt from 3.1 to 11.4 billion euros in 2008/2009 due to the transfer of much of its options on VW shares for a value far below the purchase price. This deconsolidation, recorded in the accounts for 2008/2009, will continue. It will result in a loss of "several billion" in the year 2009/2010, according to Chief Financial Officer Hans Dieter Poetsch.

Only solution based on a recovery in sales "during 2010". To sell, must go on television. Even when called Porsche.