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What are your proposals for Nicolas Sarkozy and Angela Merkel?

Europe is ready to adopt guidelines on beetles or grading apples. But when it comes to economic and financial regulation, it nothing happens. The EU countries have transformed the Stability and Growth Pact in a cheats and liars. Europe needs the government's proposed economic finally the President and Chancellor.

Will you vote the "golden rule" if Congress is convened?

I will vote, even if the proceedings of Parliament are below what I expected, including the monopoly of the tax provisions. With this rule, the president is in the direction of history. But in September, the presentation of the budgets of the State and Social Security in 2012 will be the first litmus test flexcheck cash advance. We need to find 10 billion euros.I propose a new tax bracket on income, rising from 0.25% of the CRDS and a large movement of the plane on tax loopholes. It must also cut spending for operating and intervention.

Do you understand the dam from the left on the "golden rule"?

It is time to change our political practice. It is outdated and disastrous. Major reforms can not be a camp against each other. This is not because Nicolas Sarkozy has not been exemplary control deficiencies that must be opposed to the recovery of France.

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In the case of debt, time is a luxury that the United States as Europe can not afford. This is the message sent Tuesday by Christine Lagarde, director of the International Monetary Fund. Welcoming the plan against the crisis of the Greek debt presented Thursday by EU leaders, the French hoped "that these bold steps will be followed in the United States and that action in the fiscal area will occur as quickly as possible."

In Washington, "the clock is forever and you really find a solution," insisted Christine Lagarde. Democrats and Republicans can not agree on U.S. debt, then that must be addressed prior to August 2 the maximum amount that the state can borrow in the markets (the ceiling of the debt). Otherwise the U.S. will not reimburse investors.

"Having a default or a significant reduction in the rating assigned to the signing of the United States, an event would be very, very, very serious. Not for the U.S. only, but for the world economy in general, "said the leader of the IMF. In the longer term, the IMF has asked the United States Monday to hand over "the debt to a sustainable path." U.S. debt until recently was considered by investors as an investment "safe".

If it is proved otherwise, the consequences could be incalculable. The United States "can not default on their obligations," said John Boehner, a Republican official in Congress. "The jobs and savings of too many Americans (are) in."

Threat of 'turbulence'

Europe is no exception.After the summit on Thursday, the leaders of the euro area should continue their efforts, Christine Lagarde warned: "The plan was welcomed by financial markets, as evidenced by the stronger euro and lower spreads rates on bonds of the periphery. But the turmoil could easily reappear. For this reason it is essential that the commitments of the summit are implemented quickly. "

Problem: The plan must be submitted to national parliaments for approval. "This will be done in the coming weeks. This will not happen overnight because, as is often the case in many developed economies of the Northern Hemisphere, August is relatively calm. And parliaments are closed, "admitted the director of the IMF. But Europeans do not have the luxury of taking their time.I think there is an expectation that things should move forward and be implemented not only by the countries directly concerned but also by governments who, as I said, kept their promises. "

To help stem the debt crisis, the IMF disbursed $ 330 billion to date, also recalled Christine Lagarde. Given this fact, the IMF might have to seek new funds to its member countries, its director admitted: "In the not too distant future we will probably take an interest in this issue."

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Carrefour and its major shareholders still have progress to make to master the subtleties of samba. The merger of the Brazilian subsidiary of global distributor with the second casino, Grupo Pao de Acucar (GPA), is abandoned.

Scaffold for months in the back of its local partner Casino Abilio Diniz (President and owner of 21% of GPA), with the support of BNDES, the Brazilian equivalent of the Deposit, the project would have allowed Crossroads take control of all activities involving the two Brazilian groups. The company, known as Pao de Acucar Novo, would have made 30 billion euros in sales and held 32.3% of the local market, against 11.1% for the U.S. WalMart.

Las.Faced with fierce opposition from Casino, which supports the development of this project is contrary to the shareholders' agreement binding Abilio Diniz, BNDES announced its withdrawal on the night of Tuesday to Wednesday. While Diniz seeks private investors to substitute for Brazilian BNDES, he lost some of its political support.

This halted the project is mostly a failure for Carrefour, which had the most to gain. The group chose to take advantage of the disagreement between Diniz and Casino to join in a risky project, rather than seeing the Brazilian partner with WalMart. If successful, Carrefour could forget his many disappointments. The group is not out of a serious area of ​​turbulence in its domestic market, putting pressure on its outstanding CEO Lars Olofsson and its principal shareholders, Groupe Arnault and Colony Capital payday advance lenders.The latter, entered the capital of the retailer in March 2007, when the action was worth 53 euros, have increased the project, or attempted to bounce the stock price, which dropped by half since: sale of Brazilian and Chinese subsidiaries , public offerings of real estate branch, split Dia. In vain.

Brazil lost the battle has also cast a cruel light on the performance of Carrefour in the country, its first growth opportunities ahead of China. Abilio Diniz revealed that the operating profitability of Carrefour Brazil was 1%, seven times less than that of GPA. Casino and pointed the loss of market share of hypermarkets in Brazil, for the benefit of supermarkets and convenience stores.If its chain of wholesale stores Atacadao is a success, Carrefour, local leader, sees its hypermarkets suffer against those of Extra, a subsidiary of ABM.

Overconfidence

After 550 million of provisions recorded by Carrefour last year as a result of accounting fraud at its Brazilian subsidiary, the latter saw his image tarnished again. The withdrawal of the BNDES also shows that Carrefour had underestimated the political power relations in Brazil, or too trusted Abilio Diniz …

If new proposed combination with GPA must be submitted to the board of Carrefour in the coming months, it would still be opposed to casino, and no political support in Brazil. This time, the independent directors of Carrefour might well make their voices heard.

Pierre-Antoine Dusoulier, the head of Saxo Bank

"I walk in the countryside." Thus, Christine Lagarde, finance minister and declared candidate for the post of Director of the IMF, began his speech on Europe 1 radio on Sunday. Its stated goal: to convince all the emerging countries of the legitimacy of his candidacy. "These countries are worried. They want recognition and they feel frustration. They want a manager with universal and that is why I will introduce myself, "she said.

The minister will travel first to Brazil "because it is the first country invited me," she says. She will then visit the 'all emerging countries, notably China, India, some countries in Africa and the Middle East. Which will require it in his words to "make a lot of extra hour" because this campaign is done in conjunction with its agenda of Minister of Finance.While emphasizing the concept of universality, Christine Lagarde says she remains "deeply French and European. But in the context of these functions, you must be accountable to all of these 187 member countries. "

No fears for the record Tapie

Even if she repeats that "we should not count your chickens before they're hatched," the minister made a speech very assured, aware of the many clear support of the Europeans and Americans implied. "If I am elected, she says, I will leave the government because the two functions are incompatible." Asked about the name of his successor, the Minister nevertheless kicked into touch: "It's not for me to decide, but we have in our ranks many talents."

Christine Lagarde has also lingered long on the back Tapie, only shadow seemed to hover over his candidacy. "The file is empty," she repeated.She said the referral to the Court of Justice of the Republic by the Attorney General at the Court of Cassation, Jean-Louis Nadal, "is factually false and legally unfounded." "I chose the solution of arbitration in the case because I believed that Tapie was the least bad. A conviction was run a risk of 7 billion euros to the state. " For the future, the finance minister said to "really good confidence in the judiciary" and says she has "conscience".

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A symbolic handover and structuring. The U.S. site video rental Netflix, which distributes DVDs and subscription movies online, now generates its own 30% of U.S. Internet traffic during peak periods. Netflix is ​​the most voracious consumer of capacity on the fixed Internet, according to a study published by Sandvine, a specialist in the management of online traffic. On a full day, its share of traffic reached 22.2%. Netflix is ​​ahead and the sharing site BitTorrent files, a mecca for illegal downloading, which loses its position as the online service more greedy with 21.6% of traffic.

"Netflix is ​​now the undisputed king of bandwidth in North America," the study notes. For its authors, this rocker confirms that "we are now in the age of Internet video.""Customers have clearly adopted the online video service Netflix, fundamentally changing the Internet landscape," said Sandvine. And the change will be sustainable, development of mobile devices such as digital decoders and iPad like Roku and Boxee to make further use of Netflix in the U.S..

23.6 million subscribers

The break came quickly. During the previous wave of the study, published in autumn 2010, Netflix is ​​still picking up "only" 20.61% of Internet traffic during peak hours. Netflix, which has 23.6 million subscribers to its video service, has recruited 6.7 million over the past seven months.

The service, founded in 1997 by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings, started in mail delivery of DVDs ordered online. Then he revolutionized the market in October 2010, introducing an Internet subscription only $ 7.99 per month.For this sum, the subscriber can consume an unlimited number of movies and TV shows to a PC or a TV connected to the Internet. In parallel, the department has stepped up agreements with U.S. television networks like HBO and AMC to access more content. Finally, Netflix is ​​a service automatically offered in the Apple TV set-top boxes.

Above all, the company has managed to win the TV show via video game consoles connected to the Internet. Thus, the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 are the first two modes of access to Netflix, used respectively by 31% and 25% of subscribers. The Nintendo Wii accounts for 11% of subscribers. In total, these three consoles represent 67% of subscriptions. They precede the PC, chosen by 19.55% of users.

Capped plans

Netflix subscribers who access the service through game consoles connected to "consume twice as much data" than other customers, also notes Sandvine. Similarly, the study estimates that a third of Xbox 360 connected to the United States are used to distribute movies rented from American society.

Faced with this abuse of traffic, Netflix has started making arrangements. Thus, it seeks to reduce by two thirds the bandwidth consumption in Canada, noting that much of its subscribers have Internet packages capped. Its share of Canadian traffic has increased from 13.5% to 5.7%, says Sandvine.

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The year 2011 began with disappointment for the departments. Any tax replacing the business tax is less profitable than expected. This is the contribution of value-added enterprises (CVAE), based on the value added generated annually by companies. Technically, the state, which has collected for the first time CVAE in 2010, will transfer to councils this year their share. So that elected officials can build their budgets, Bercy just sent to councils estimated income expected in 2011 CVAE. Knowing that this new tax contributes 15% of operating revenue departments.

Surprise, this estimate has proven often less simulations for the same revenue in 2011 conducted by Bercy in 2010, just months after the adoption of the reform."We do not yet have data from all departments but the trend is clear," they said in the Assembly of the departments of France.

Responsible

Seine-Saint-Denis provides a good example. "According to the simulations dating from 2010, we could expect to receive 196 million CVAE in 2011. In spring, the Department notified us that these revenues would be $ 177 million. That is 10% less! "Explains there be to the general council. Same thing in Loire-Atlantique, always CVAE revenues in 2011, "Estimating the spring of 2011 is 134 million while that of 2010 was 148 million," explains Bernard Gagnet, vice-president responsible for the General Administration Department. Department more rural, the Aisne was also affected: the estimated revenue for 2011 rose by 42.3 million by the end 2010 to 36,200,000 in April 2011.

At Bercy, it does not explain the difference.But we recall that the data sent in the spring are provisional. Businesses, unaccustomed to the new tax, have been delayed. Only 70% of tax CVAE of 2010 were available in the spring. They will all summer. It is at this point that Bercy communicate to departments the final amount of revenue CVAE 2011. "And these revenues should be final, to be generally higher than the spring forecast," says one to the department.

Time will tell if this prediction comes true. Anyway, this poor start has worried politicians. They know that if tax revenues are lower than those prevailing in 2011 before the reform of business tax, they will receive compensation funds. But the presidents of county councils, as mayor, do not depend on funding."Ultimately, the dynamic resource departments can only come from CVAE. This question is crucial, "says Jean-Pierre Balligand, MP PS of the Aisne. "Now, our revenues will be more related to the economic performance of firms, their ability to create value added. It's a good thing that will force us to responsible stewardship, "said Bruni Sido For its part, the UMP president of the General Council of Haute-Marne.

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The airlines benefit they "fuel surcharges", the taxes levied on air tickets depending on how the fuel prices to maintain their financial stability? While fuel prices soar, airlines are perhaps a little heavy hand on these adjustment variables.

Kerosene prices have not reached the heights of the summer of 2008. Indeed, its current price is 22% below their peaks at the time, according to Bloomberg. However, fuel surcharges companies exceed all records.

In early April, British Airways increased the amount of its overhead for the third time since the beginning of the year to 326 euros for a return long-haul business class and 191 euros in economy class.At Air France – which has also boosted its overall rates April 1 – the peak is reached: for a return flight on a journey of more than seven hours, she weighs 242 euros and 222 euros for a seven-hour flight while in 2008 the company had not been as severe vis-à-vis its passengers: the overload was then capped at 192 euros for a round trip on a journey of more than seven and 172 euro beyond.

According to the U.S. website bestfares.com devoted to travel, U.S. airlines are at least as eager, with loads of up to $ 420 for a round trip between the U.S. and Europe and even $ 580 US- U.S. and South America when in 2008 they did not exceed $ 390.Some consultants do not hesitate to speak of price increase in disguise, so that overloading should really reflect the evolution of fuel prices free credit report and score.

Reduction of flight plans

The energy bill has become the largest item of expenditure of airlines from and to personnel costs. The latter are desperate to cover their costs.

The president of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Giovanni Bisignani, does not hide his concern: "It's a disaster. We tablions, earlier this year on an average price of a barrel of 96 dollars, but these projections were too optimistic. In an economy as fragile as today, it is impossible to pass on fuel surcharges to passengers.But that decision is up to each company, "he told The Tribune last week.

U.S. companies that have published these days their first quarter earnings plunge again: Delta Airlines posted a loss of $ 318 million when it had lost $ 256 million last year. American Airlines posted a loss of 436 million dollars against 505 million last year. According to the American Transport Association, U.S. airlines should have their fuel bill to increase by $ 3 billion more this year.

To face this new crisis, these majors have set up plans for "capacity reduction" that result in deletions of flights.Delta Airlines announced and a decrease of 4% of its flight schedule in the second half and, like its competitors, it leaves the aircraft in its fleet the most fuel-efficient.

Slipped into the 154 pages of the IMF paper, five lines attract attention, given the French context. "The risk exists that the electoral timetable in the United States, France and Japan and possibly elsewhere, may complicate the implementation of policies" to reduce deficits, says the institution of Washington. Institution led by Dominique Strauss-Kahn, a putative candidate for president in 2012 French …

"Experience shows that a divided Parliament or the impression of a weak political stability leads to poor execution plans aggressive fiscal consolidation," reads the report yet.Does this mean that the IMF is considering a change of government in France, and held that the right will make little effort to reduce the deficit before giving way to the left? Or that the Fund is betting on the absence of a clear majority? "It is especially typical example of arcane formula that emerges from the IMF, where every sentence is weighed by an army of technocrats before publication," quips a connoisseur of the institution cash advance.

Curiously, this passage of the document does not mention that Portugal has to appeal to the Fund in full political fog, with Parliament dissolved! "Behold the man who will lead the country's finances," headlined Tuesday local newspaper Correio da Manha popular with the photo on its front Poul Thomsen, head of the IMF mission to negotiate the plan of assistance Portugal, came in the wake of Lisbon.The Portuguese delegation welcomed with suspicion, as evidenced by this photo of a giant graffiti on the front page of Publico: "IMF, out!"

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This is not the form of real estate sales the most common. Figures from the Higher Council of Notaries, selling life, which provides that the purchaser pays an annuity to the seller, while the latter may continue to occupy the property it sells, even in decline for several years. According to the latest available statistics, notaries recorded 779 sales in 2009 Life in the provinces, that is to say 0.2% of transactions. Numbers declined sharply relative to those published in the 1990s: the number of lifetime would then exceed the threshold of 1500 or 0.7% of all sales. Moral restraint buyer betting somehow the death of the seller or unfortunate experiences of life such as signed by a notary with the former dean of the French … Calment French buyers have opted for more conventional transactions.

A revival

Yet in some regions, the Ile-de-France and Côte d'Azur in particular, selling life experiencing a resurgence. Some agencies specialize in the niche, and on the websites of real estate there are currently more than a hundred offers and much Paris to Nice. The quota is significantly lower in the north and east.

According to professionals, such sales may have several avantages.Pour the seller first, which can thus remain in place, pocketing most of the time part of the sale in fixed capital and the rest of the bunch as annuity. The annuity may also benefit from a tax reduction from 30% to 70% depending on the age of the seller.

For buyers the life is a way to buy a property hoping for a better price than the market.Real estate agents see it as a way to put property on the market that suffers from the shortage. Finally, selling life can be seen as a response to the problem of pensions and dependency by allowing seniors to live in their homes but are living better thanks to the additional income. These benefits would also not escape the government is currently seeking the expertise of solicitors on the record to revive the form.

Warranty too low

For if life is less common than before, also because the notaries prefer … to discourage sellers. "The purchaser is a kind of bet he can do a good deal. If in the end, it pays more than expected, it is part of the game The seller is not in this context, he wants to play and win get the right price for his property, "explains Pierre Lemée the Supreme Council of Notaries .Yet for him the procedure is not secure enough. "When selling well in life and that the purchaser, called debtor, dies, the burden of paying rent to the seller, the annuitant is transmitted to the heirs," he says. Heirs of the seller does not know and who are perhaps not creditworthy. If Débirentier can not ensure payment, the guarantee that the seller is not always sufficient. "The seller has no lien to recover its dues before other creditors. If the debtor is implementing a procedure for debt, the annuitant is featured on the list, the same rank as a banker, "says the lawyer.Especially since the termination of the contract of life can be complicated.

Another drawback of the formula put forward by Pierre Lemée: the risk to the seller to be the victim of an "arrangement between friends," the purchaser pushing the owner to sign a life with knowledge of his fragile health. A notary has thus been removed pourune similar case in La Baule, Loire-Atlantique.

Given these uncertainties, preference goes to the Pierre Lemée reverse mortgage. Founded in 2006, this formula also allows the owner of a property to obtain resources without having to sell it. The owner can get this loan from a credit institution and choose to collect the money as a lump sum or an annuity. The refund is the death of the borrower, the sale of the property, or earlier if the owner decides to leave her home.If the sale price exceeds the debt, the heirs recover the balance. Otherwise, however, the debt is not spread. The latter may also prefer to repay the loan and keep the property at the estate. A less risky.

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