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For the first time since 1980, the number of three public (state, territorial and hospital) have stagnated in France in 2008. Specifically, they rose only 1800postes. From never-seen since 1980. At 31 December 2008, according to report data annually on the Public Service published yesterday, the Hexagon were almost 5.3 million employees, or 20.5% of total employment, and 656,000 more than a decade ago.

The virtual stagnation of 2008 is largely to the credit of the state civil service has continued to decrease in population from 2006. It has eliminated 77,000 jobs last year, including through non-replacement of a staff of two who retire and to continue the policy of transfer of powers to local authorities. This represents a decline of 3.1% of its workforce in a year.France, employs 2.4 million civil servants, 69.5% and 14.1% of holders of soldiers. This total is 1.4% lower than in 1998, representing a decline of nearly 35,000 agents in a decade.

The numbers have declined in 2008 across all departments, with the exception of Justice and the prime minister. The portfolios of Education and Ecology have been most affected by the cuts with cuts respective 43,000 and 23,000 agents. Finally, almost a two-state official now works in education, one in five of Defense and Interior to eleven.

2328euros per month for a state agent

Another finding of the report 2009-2010 on the state of the public service: local authorities have continued to recruit with a vengeance with nearly 70,000 new jobs in 2008.The local civil service now employs 1.82 million people. A total of 3.9% higher than in 2008 and, especially, a surge of 40% compared to 1998. This dramatic increase is partly related to the second law of decentralization occurred in 2003. The regions – which employs only 4% of all local officials – have been particularly intensive public sector jobs as they saw their numbers jump over a decade, from 22.5% on average each year and even 49% per year since 2005. In more than one in four cases, recruitment occurred three years prior to 2008 had nothing to do with transfer of responsibilities from the State.

The public hospital has, meanwhile, was more reasonable since the increase of its workforce in 2008 was four times lower than that of local authorities: 1% over one year or more 10000agents.At December 31, staff of public hospitals accounted for approximately 1 million people. Those numbers have increased, on average ten years, 1.8% each year.

Pay later, an officer of the state received an average of 2328 euros net per month in 2008. An increase of 3.7% in current euros a year and 0.9% after allowing for inflation. Territorial Agent earned nearly 600 euros less and a hospital, 150. In both cases, the territorial and hospital officials have seen their wages decline in net income a year, by 0.6% and 0.1% in constant euros.

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Wall Street opens very cautious on Monday, before the employment figures expected later in the week. At the opening, the Dow Jones 0.1% to loose 10143 points, the S & P drops 0.19% to 1063 points and the Nasdaq, 0.42% to 2145 points.

Before the bell, consumer spending rose more than expected in the U.S. in July. Consumption has picked up 0.4% yoy compared to June It's better than the expected by analysts, who had estimated the consumption growth to 0.3%, according to their median forecast.Spending growth has outpaced that of household income since, according to the ministry, they are divided up by 0.2%, after virtually stagnating in June

On Friday, the NYSE had ended up, apparently reassured by the downward revision in less severe than expected U.S. growth in the second quarter U.S. GDP in fact increased by 1.6% in the second quarter cons expected 1.4% recently, but against 2.4% expected in the first estimate.

Despite a speech by Ben Bernanke at Jackson Hole somewhat mixed, the U.S. stock market saw on Friday, the Dow Jones climbing 1.6% to 10,150 points and the Nasdaq 1.6% to clinch also 2153 points.

Responsible economic news this week

On Tuesday, it will house prices and economic activity in the Chicago area in August and, finally, the consumer confidence that will be published. Wednesday, Thursday and Friday will be dominated by the particular job, with, successively, the ADP employment figures, entries weekly, and finally figures of unemployment and employment in August.

Waltz of mergers and acquisitions

On the corporate side, the spectacle of mergers acquisitions poursuit.3Par (-1.45% to 31.99 dollars) soared 25% to 32.5 dollars on Friday night.As for his suitors, HP (2.32% to 38.88 U.S. dollars) has increased its prices by 3 27 to $ 30, Dell (0.53% to 11.95 U.S. dollars) has aligned its offer Friday morning over $ 27 No fax cash advance.

The German manufacturer Infineon Semiconductor announced Monday the sale of his division's wireless, which makes components for mobile phones, the U.S. Intel (-0.82% to 18.22 dollars) for 1.4 billion (nearly 1.1 billion euros).

The CEO of Sanofi-Aventis, which formalized Sunday his intention to acquire U.S. biotech Genzyme (3.95% to 70.29 U.S. dollars) to $ 18.5 billion, said that "a lot of time can still drain "by launching a bid, in an interview with Voices dated Monday.

Sanofi-Aventis announced on Sunday a proposal for acquisition of U.S. biotech group Genzyme for a price of 69 dollars per share, totaling $ 18.5 billion (14.5 billion euros).But the board rejected on Monday unanimously the proposed terms.

The Indian government was to meet Monday officials from the Canadian manufacturer of BlackBerry (RIM) to try to break the deadlock over access to encrypted data from the phone, on the eve of the ultimatum on the blocking of two services mail.

French insurer Axa has reduced by almost half its share in the prestigious U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs (-0.17% to 139.52 U.S. dollars), the center of criticism for his role in the Greek crisis, according to documents the regulatory authority of the U.S. markets (SEC).

The U.S. industrial conglomerate 3M (-0.8% to 80.35 dollars) on Monday announced the acquisition of Cogent group (19.35% to 10.64 U.S. dollars) to over 900 million dollars (708 million euros ), which represents a premium of nearly 18%.3M will pay $ 10.50 in effect by title Gogent, which posted a closing price of 8.915 dollars Friday. The transaction should be completed in the last quarter of 2010.

Alcatel-Lucent continues its annual forecast, after presenting its results for the second quarter. The telecoms equipment maker has finished the past three months with a net loss of 184 million euros, equivalent to a net loss per diluted share of 0.08 euro. This net loss is worse than the result recorded in the same period a year ago, which then displayed in the green, to 14 million euros. But the quarterly net loss marks a clear improvement over results reported in the previous quarter, during which the group had lost 515 million euros.

Alcatel-Lucent is delighted especially to see its operating profit return to equilibrium. Adjusted data, it is 28 million euros, or 0.7% of revenues.In published data, it remains negative, at -45 million euros, against 130 million euros a year ago, and -263 000 000 euros at the end of first quarter 2010.

Low activity in China

The group's turnover was slightly lower on a year. In fall of 2.4% over the second quarter of 2009, it stood at 3.813 billion euros, or 17.4% more than during the previous three months. The effects of consolidation and exchange rates were favorable to the group on the quarter. Adjusted data, the turnover of the second quarter is apparent down 6.9% year on year, but it remains up from the previous quarter (+11.8%).

"The momentum has been strong in North America with a double-digit growth and the trend has improved in the world, lower income there is much less marked than in the first quarter.The revenue decline in Europe has remained the order of almost 10%. Finally, Asia Pacific has experienced a double digit decline, due to low activity in China, partly offset by significant growth in India, "the company said.

An improvement in adjusted gross margin

The group's adjusted gross margin rebounded to 36.1%, an improvement of three points over one year and by 3.5 points compared with the margin achieved during the first three months of 2010.

Alcatel-Lucent is confident for the second half. Ben Verwaayen, the CEO of Alcatel-Lucent, promises to "maintain a strict control of costs and expenses." He anticipates a "second half of 2010 supported, thanks to a growing backlog.Additional benefits are expected in the coming quarters. "

The group believes that "despite the shortage of components that still impact our supply chain, demand for telecommunications equipment and related services is recovering." He believes that the growing market for telecommunications equipment will be between 0% and 5% this year. In this context, Alcatel-Lucent intends to achieve an operating profit Adjusted between 1% and 5% of its revenues.

Between business and ecology, this is not a love story. More than half of French companies reported that they did not intend to invest in sustainable development, according to a survey * BVA-line today at the Ministry of Economy.

Results that "contrasts with a poll CGPME March 2010 in which 81% of SMEs said they had" built into their thinking "on sustainable development, says the summary of the study.

From there to pass the act … "There's still a gap between thought and investment," says Bercy. Is it lack of interest? To avoid additional costs? The study does not answer. But she notes that the average conceals wide disparities by size of business.

Only TPE is a majority (56%) not intend to invest.From 10 employees, companies have either already invested or plan to invest.

The SMEs are medium sized (50 to 249 employees) the most advanced. "Without doubt they react faster to trends." Nearly half have already invested in sustainable development.

Larger companies (more than 250 employees) are slightly less likely to have invested, but they are twice as likely as mid-sized SMEs intend to do.

Companies that invest the most say in the sustainable development belong primarily to the agricultural sector, construction and services.Sustainable development is probably made by these companies from an environmental perspective, "these sectors more than others is subject to obligations or strong incentives matter (fertilizer use, emissions of greenhouse gases including ) "concludes the study

* Survey conducted by the Institute at the request of the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Employment and the Department of Budget, Public Accounts and State Reform.

Conducted from May 26 to June 10, 2010 with 701 business leaders, HR and Executive Committee members.

Remy Cointreau will he a toast to celebrate the growth of its sales in the first quarter of fiscal year 2010-2011? From April to June 2010, the total turnover amounted in effect to 170.9 million euros, up 19.3% excluding currency effects (23.6% as reported) from Figures released on Thursday on the group's website. Off partner brands, sales totaled 149.7 million euros, increasing by 21.3% excluding currency effects (25.7% as reported).

The group attributes this success to "the effectiveness of its new distribution system [established on 1 April 2009, note], the strength of its brands and the relevance of its marketing investments."

The cognac and champagne up sharply

Remy Cointreau is pleased that the sales growth for all regions except Japan.

The group of wines and spirits enjoy the exhilaration of the cognac sector advancing by 37.7% organic. Remy Cointreau said the "very positive dynamic in China and in Travel Retail" adding that "the United States and Europe are also growing."

The champagne also rebounded 20.7% after problems at the end of last year. The group said that in Japan and Australia, growth is adversely affected by high inventories.

However, the sector Liquors and Spirits trouble restarting. He recorded a slight increase of 0.4% as reported and a decline of 3.4% excluding currency effects.

"Staying the course"

Remy Cointreau said that "in a still uncertain economic environment," he "stays the course with its strategy of long-term value," focusing on "development of its leading brands."

The group said it had "successfully issued a bond of 205 million euros in June last and benefit from the improved level of the dollar against the euro.

Photographers, cameramen, and around 70 MPs, including several tenors Socialists (Francois Hollande, Jean-Marc Ayrault) belonging to other committees, however … The Social Affairs Committee of the Assembly, Eric Woerth who auditioned Tuesday, just after presenting his plan to reform pensions in Cabinet, had on Tuesday an unusually busy. She was visibly much at the media-political context and the importance of the bill to the agenda. The audience was also gradually scattered throughout the session … And if the Left has repeatedly expressed its disapproval loudly – a ruckus usually reserved for the Chamber – is inside the text she attacked.

The fate of the Pension Reserve Fund has attracted the most virulent attacks.Introduced by Lionel Jospin and supposed to help pass the peak of demographic imbalance between contributors and pensioners, beginning in 2020, the FRR will finally be used to offset deficits in coming years, pending the promised balance by the government in 2018. "Your reform is shortsighted, accused DSK.The holdup on the Pension Reserve Fund is to penalize future generations. "

PS She also found that the device "hardship" (starting at age 60 with full rate, subject to a disability of 20%) returned to "say people who are disabled or sick are entitled to be found invalid or sick " instant payday loan no TeleCheck.

"A good balance"

Labour Minister regretted the "distortions" and recalled that this device, combined with the long careers (early departure for those who started working before age 18) should cover 100,000 people per year in 2015, a new retiree on about six.Earlier, Eric Woerth was held, in an interview Capital.fr that the threshold of 20% was a "good balance", seemingly closing the door to a significant change – and potentially costly – on this point.

Not a word left, however, to challenge the alignment of the contribution pensions of officials on that of private sector employees.

The majority, she has power, supporting a reform considered "essential," "urgent," "fair" and "effective". Jean-Luc Préel however, raised a question: "I have some doubts about the economic forecasts that seem optimistic," said the member of the New Center.

Meanwhile, unions have reaffirmed their opposition to the reform, gathered before the Ministry of Labour hundreds of activists, including Bernard Thibault (CGT), François Chérèque (CFDT), Alain Olive (UNSA) and Bernadette Groison (FSU).

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Philippe Varin hammered since his arrival at the head of PSA: China is a priority internationally. Determined to change size in this country's biggest car market in the world, the group has finalized Friday a joint venture equally with a second local ally, the Chinese Changan. The two companies will share an initial investment of 935 million euros for marketing light commercial vehicles and passenger cars in the Middle Kingdom from the second half of 2012.

Based in Shenzhen (Guangdong province), the joint plant will initially produce 200,000 cars and engines per year. It will manufacture the first models in the future DS, Citroen premium label, and vehicles, including utilities, a new brand created for this market.Next came the Peugeot and Changan.

Yet pioneer in China in 1985, PSA has seen sales take off only recently, thanks to the Citroen C5 and Peugeot 408, produced with Dongfeng, China's first ally. They have risen by half in 2009, with 272,000 cars passed, and the first half of 2010 (176 000), faster than the market (+27%). With a market share of 3.3%, the group remains a small player. Hence the need to find another partner to reach 8% in 2015-2016. An ambitious target, given the amounts invested by the leaders General Motors and Volkswagen.

New segments

The agreement with Changan to permit "to better cover the market" due to launch on "segments where we were not present," said Philippe Varin. Including vans, with sales booming in China.SAP is also focusing on high-end, also very promising. The group plans to produce locally large models of its range DS (DS4 and / or DS5), and its future Peugeot 508 (with Dongfeng).

This coupling with the fourth Chinese manufacturer could facilitate the growth of PSA on the east coast of China and Hong Kong, where the market is more dynamic. Dongfeng is based in Beijing and especially in the center of the country. The French, who has an annual capacity of 450,000 cars in China with Dongfeng, alongside plans to build a third plant with its first partner

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The leaders of Taiwan and mainland China signed Monday in Chongqing, Sichuan, a free trade agreement that will profoundly change the relationship between the two countries. Called framework agreement on economic cooperation (ECFA), it plans to introduce preferential tariffs on 539 products exported from Taiwan to China, the island being provided by 250 Chinese products. More favorable to Taiwan and in Beijing, however, it divides the citizens of the island. They fear that China, which does not recognize the Republic of Taiwan and considers it a renegade province, one profits to strengthen its hold on her and never grows to become like Hong Kong, part of its territory since 1997 .

The morale of French households do not seem to favor a clear recovery in consumption. In the first quarter, sales of Casino in France and have fallen 0.9% after falling 2.7% in 2009. Although the strong growth recorded by the distributor Stéphanois abroad (10.2% in the first quarter, after 5% last year) largely offset this decline, the group must respond. Jean-Charles Naouri, its CEO, shares his strategy in an interview with Le Figaro.

LE FIGARO – The morale of your customer shops is it affected by the crisis?

Jean-Charles Naouri – Many signs show that pessimism has worsened. He returned in September 2008, at the peak of the crisis. Because of the crisis of Greek and that of the euro, the fear of job loss has increased and concern about the standard of living reached a record high since 2007.The French prefer the job security of their purchasing power and their careers. This general pessimism is, however disconnected from the real economy, which seems to gradually resume. France is no longer in a situation of danger of deflation, the interest rates are permanently lower a guarantee for the future, and the weak euro is an element of recovery. The figures, including our own business performance, there are better a couple years.

Consumer behavior change it?

We found two relatively recent trends Firstly, in an environment seen as more complex, consumers no longer want it decides for them. They want to regain control over product quality, origin and value for money in particular.Similarly, while far to the client, other consumers were at best indifferent and at worst seen as troublemakers, he now draws more and more choices to their preferences and ratings. This horizontal communication facilitated by the Internet, this new proximity, we must reflect and inspire us to develop relationships with our customers in and outside the store.

How are you adapting?

We have a head start in this area because we have long been close to the heart of our strategy. We could for example indicate, in each point of sale, the preferred products or selling. We already strong commitments on the quality of our products.We reassure our customers, for example about what they buy indicating on the Casino-brand products, in addition to the nutritional use their carbon footprint, or that they are without oil palm and gluten free. We just put in place within the group, a Health Committee attended by several senior experts whose mission is to anticipate health issues and help Casino make good choices on offer. We also test systems dematerialized Innovative allowing customers to share their recommendations.

Hypermarkets Géant Casino continue to lose market share.Are they so essential for the massification of procurement and management of shopping malls you plan to transfer them not to invest in your most promising formats nearby?

I believe in small and medium format hypermarkets (6 000-8 000 square meters), which constitute the backbone of malls. I believe in the relevance of non-food offer in textiles, leisure and household equipment. Casino no reason to separate from Géant. Our superstores are as profitable as those of our competitors, and we set the target that market share has stabilized Géant Casino this year.Remember, also, that 40% of group turnover from international have a double-digit growth in France and the formats most carriers (Franprix, Monoprix supermarket Casino …) know sustained growth, which boosts the overall growth of revenues of Casino.

How is the recovery of your brand discount Leader Price, whose sales fell sharply last year?

This is another priority group in France in 2010. We are very pleased with the sales growth in stores converted to the new concept and we are accelerating the pace of refurbishment of outlets from week to week.

Could you introduce CDiscount stock exchange to accelerate the deleveraging of the group?

This is not the agenda.A listing imposes many constraints on management whose priority now is to continue double-digit growth in turnover. We are the leader, but in a very competitive environment.

Can you imagine Rueducommerce complementarities with the site, which Rally has just 8% of capital?

It is a very minority participation, without presence on the board of directors.

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