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For the first time since 1980, the number of three public (state, territorial and hospital) have stagnated in France in 2008. Specifically, they rose only 1800postes. From never-seen since 1980. At 31 December 2008, according to report data annually on the Public Service published yesterday, the Hexagon were almost 5.3 million employees, or 20.5% of total employment, and 656,000 more than a decade ago.

The virtual stagnation of 2008 is largely to the credit of the state civil service has continued to decrease in population from 2006. It has eliminated 77,000 jobs last year, including through non-replacement of a staff of two who retire and to continue the policy of transfer of powers to local authorities. This represents a decline of 3.1% of its workforce in a year.France, employs 2.4 million civil servants, 69.5% and 14.1% of holders of soldiers. This total is 1.4% lower than in 1998, representing a decline of nearly 35,000 agents in a decade.

The numbers have declined in 2008 across all departments, with the exception of Justice and the prime minister. The portfolios of Education and Ecology have been most affected by the cuts with cuts respective 43,000 and 23,000 agents. Finally, almost a two-state official now works in education, one in five of Defense and Interior to eleven.

2328euros per month for a state agent

Another finding of the report 2009-2010 on the state of the public service: local authorities have continued to recruit with a vengeance with nearly 70,000 new jobs in 2008.The local civil service now employs 1.82 million people. A total of 3.9% higher than in 2008 and, especially, a surge of 40% compared to 1998. This dramatic increase is partly related to the second law of decentralization occurred in 2003. The regions – which employs only 4% of all local officials – have been particularly intensive public sector jobs as they saw their numbers jump over a decade, from 22.5% on average each year and even 49% per year since 2005. In more than one in four cases, recruitment occurred three years prior to 2008 had nothing to do with transfer of responsibilities from the State.

The public hospital has, meanwhile, was more reasonable since the increase of its workforce in 2008 was four times lower than that of local authorities: 1% over one year or more 10000agents.At December 31, staff of public hospitals accounted for approximately 1 million people. Those numbers have increased, on average ten years, 1.8% each year.

Pay later, an officer of the state received an average of 2328 euros net per month in 2008. An increase of 3.7% in current euros a year and 0.9% after allowing for inflation. Territorial Agent earned nearly 600 euros less and a hospital, 150. In both cases, the territorial and hospital officials have seen their wages decline in net income a year, by 0.6% and 0.1% in constant euros.

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Wall Street opens very cautious on Monday, before the employment figures expected later in the week. At the opening, the Dow Jones 0.1% to loose 10143 points, the S & P drops 0.19% to 1063 points and the Nasdaq, 0.42% to 2145 points.

Before the bell, consumer spending rose more than expected in the U.S. in July. Consumption has picked up 0.4% yoy compared to June It's better than the expected by analysts, who had estimated the consumption growth to 0.3%, according to their median forecast.Spending growth has outpaced that of household income since, according to the ministry, they are divided up by 0.2%, after virtually stagnating in June

On Friday, the NYSE had ended up, apparently reassured by the downward revision in less severe than expected U.S. growth in the second quarter U.S. GDP in fact increased by 1.6% in the second quarter cons expected 1.4% recently, but against 2.4% expected in the first estimate.

Despite a speech by Ben Bernanke at Jackson Hole somewhat mixed, the U.S. stock market saw on Friday, the Dow Jones climbing 1.6% to 10,150 points and the Nasdaq 1.6% to clinch also 2153 points.

Responsible economic news this week

On Tuesday, it will house prices and economic activity in the Chicago area in August and, finally, the consumer confidence that will be published. Wednesday, Thursday and Friday will be dominated by the particular job, with, successively, the ADP employment figures, entries weekly, and finally figures of unemployment and employment in August.

Waltz of mergers and acquisitions

On the corporate side, the spectacle of mergers acquisitions poursuit.3Par (-1.45% to 31.99 dollars) soared 25% to 32.5 dollars on Friday night.As for his suitors, HP (2.32% to 38.88 U.S. dollars) has increased its prices by 3 27 to $ 30, Dell (0.53% to 11.95 U.S. dollars) has aligned its offer Friday morning over $ 27 No fax cash advance.

The German manufacturer Infineon Semiconductor announced Monday the sale of his division's wireless, which makes components for mobile phones, the U.S. Intel (-0.82% to 18.22 dollars) for 1.4 billion (nearly 1.1 billion euros).

The CEO of Sanofi-Aventis, which formalized Sunday his intention to acquire U.S. biotech Genzyme (3.95% to 70.29 U.S. dollars) to $ 18.5 billion, said that "a lot of time can still drain "by launching a bid, in an interview with Voices dated Monday.

Sanofi-Aventis announced on Sunday a proposal for acquisition of U.S. biotech group Genzyme for a price of 69 dollars per share, totaling $ 18.5 billion (14.5 billion euros).But the board rejected on Monday unanimously the proposed terms.

The Indian government was to meet Monday officials from the Canadian manufacturer of BlackBerry (RIM) to try to break the deadlock over access to encrypted data from the phone, on the eve of the ultimatum on the blocking of two services mail.

French insurer Axa has reduced by almost half its share in the prestigious U.S. investment bank Goldman Sachs (-0.17% to 139.52 U.S. dollars), the center of criticism for his role in the Greek crisis, according to documents the regulatory authority of the U.S. markets (SEC).

The U.S. industrial conglomerate 3M (-0.8% to 80.35 dollars) on Monday announced the acquisition of Cogent group (19.35% to 10.64 U.S. dollars) to over 900 million dollars (708 million euros ), which represents a premium of nearly 18%.3M will pay $ 10.50 in effect by title Gogent, which posted a closing price of 8.915 dollars Friday. The transaction should be completed in the last quarter of 2010.

The Paris Bourse started the day on a slight gain: 0.31% to 3536.95 points. In London, the FTSE was up 0.30% to 5211.05 points in early trade. The German Dax climbed 0.20% to 6017.19 points.

Markets are still clinging to macroeconomic announcements, only able to move the index in August. On Monday, the Institute has unveiled a Markit composite PMI index in France to 59 points in August against 59.7 in July. This is its lowest level in five months. The services PMI index stood at 59.9 against 60.5 expected and 61.1 in July.For its part, the manufacturing PMI stood at 54.7 against 53.4 expected and 53.9 in July, its highest in two months.

The rest of the week promises to be loaded including unemployment figures in France in July (Wednesday), the new home sales and durable goods orders in July in the U.S. (Wednesday) and weekly entries to unemployment overseas (Thursday).

The hesitation may yet be well on the markets on Monday. After closing largely under the 3600 points on Friday, down 1.30% net, the CAC 40 should be difficult to get out of the red zone. With two weeks of decline, Wall Street does not give signals of optimism. For their part, Asian markets are very hesitant, juggling between gains and declines for several sessions.At the Paris Bourse, the key index also remained febrile throughout the week, erasing gains from one month to return to its levels of July.

Note that the side of currencies this morning, the euro is still on track against the dollar. He won 0.12% to 1.2714 dollar.

Values follow

Until the weekend, charged in half-yearly publication, the day of Monday is quiet on the side advertisements.

Brussels plans to dismiss the complaint against the French state by telecom operators Orange (France Telecom: 1.27% to 16.30 euros), SFR (Vivendi: 0.06% to 17.66 euros) and Bouygues Telecoms (-0.37% to 32.43 euros) in the allocation of the fourth 3G mobile license to Free (Iliad: 0.25% to 68.59 euros), La Tribune reported Monday.

GDF Suez (0.46% to 25.09 euros) is interested in acquiring sites for storing gas sold by Exxon Mobil and Shell, valued around one billion euros, according to a report in Le Figaro on Saturday.

Carrefour (-0.22% to 35.67 euros) will launch a new concept of hypermarkets to address the erosion of its customers.

The absence for several days, any public information on the new presumed interest of Sanofi-Aventis (0.73 to 45.30 euros ù) for American Genzyme could mean that both sides have begun discussions, says Geoffrey Porges, an analyst at Sanford Bernstein

On this day a national holiday in France, the economic future clouded for the United States. Retail sales fell 0.5% in June after falling 1.1% in May, and import prices fell 1.3% last month. Some due to a 2.3% drop in auto sales, others because of falling oil prices and rising dollar. All these indicators disappointing in addition to reserves of crude continue to decline. Only bonen news: the budget deficit continues to decline. If Congress sees an encouraging sign, he is aware that the United States enjoy the benefits of its rescue plan and the increase in assets held by the Fed.

In these circumstances, the Fed seeks to be less optimistic about the United States.Within minutes of its monetary policy meeting in June released Wednesday, the Fed has lowered its forecast for growth in the U.S. this year. U.S. GDP is expected to be between 3% and 3.5%, while three months ago, it was a growth from 3.2% to 3.7%.

Consequently, the Fed anticipates a slower decline in unemployment this year. The unemployment rate should be between 9.2% and 9.5%, between 8.3% and 8.7% in 2011 (against 8.1% to 8.5% projected earlier) and between 7.1 % and 7.5% in 2012 (against 6.6% and 7.5%).

Fear of deflation

The deteriorating outlook led the U.S. central bank to consider further action on monetary policy to support the U.S. economy. Its leaders have already agreed a policy accommodative, ie a decline in interest rates was not necessary."The committee would need to consider whether further support could be appropriate if the outlook were to worsen significantly," we read in the minutes. He added: "A small number of participants cited a risk of deflation."

Anyway, it is clear that the maintenance of low levels of interest rates does not seem to be enough to revive the U.S. economy more vigorously. The meeting of the Monetary Policy Committee of 22 and 23 June had maintained the interest rate the Fed close to zero, in hopes of boosting up the credit and economic activity.

Wall Street plunges into the red

The markets have been quick to respond to these new expectations: having moved solidly in the green mid-session, the NYSE has quickly sunk into the red.Around 8:40 p.m., the Dow Jones lost 0.40% to 10,321 points and the S & P 500 retreated 0.46% to 1090 points, while Nasdaq was flat at 2,242 points.

Philippe Varin hammered since his arrival at the head of PSA: China is a priority internationally. Determined to change size in this country's biggest car market in the world, the group has finalized Friday a joint venture equally with a second local ally, the Chinese Changan. The two companies will share an initial investment of 935 million euros for marketing light commercial vehicles and passenger cars in the Middle Kingdom from the second half of 2012.

Based in Shenzhen (Guangdong province), the joint plant will initially produce 200,000 cars and engines per year. It will manufacture the first models in the future DS, Citroen premium label, and vehicles, including utilities, a new brand created for this market.Next came the Peugeot and Changan.

Yet pioneer in China in 1985, PSA has seen sales take off only recently, thanks to the Citroen C5 and Peugeot 408, produced with Dongfeng, China's first ally. They have risen by half in 2009, with 272,000 cars passed, and the first half of 2010 (176 000), faster than the market (+27%). With a market share of 3.3%, the group remains a small player. Hence the need to find another partner to reach 8% in 2015-2016. An ambitious target, given the amounts invested by the leaders General Motors and Volkswagen.

New segments

The agreement with Changan to permit "to better cover the market" due to launch on "segments where we were not present," said Philippe Varin. Including vans, with sales booming in China.SAP is also focusing on high-end, also very promising. The group plans to produce locally large models of its range DS (DS4 and / or DS5), and its future Peugeot 508 (with Dongfeng).

This coupling with the fourth Chinese manufacturer could facilitate the growth of PSA on the east coast of China and Hong Kong, where the market is more dynamic. Dongfeng is based in Beijing and especially in the center of the country. The French, who has an annual capacity of 450,000 cars in China with Dongfeng, alongside plans to build a third plant with its first partner

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The garden party at the Elysee was it canceled too late? The caterers will they be reimbursed? Taxpayers will pay the note they? After the announcement of the cancellation of approvals under the Ministries of Interior, Overseas, in the prefectures and sub-prefectures, these issues are on everyone's lips. Especially since the member Rene Dosière (related PS) spoke for the receipt of an invoice 313 618 2009 euros. The debate, then fed by Ségolène Royal in an interview with the Nouvel Observateur, however, is minimized by the main actors of the case.

"There was no cancellation in the legal sense. These are the tenders that have been canceled. Today, nobody can say 'I lost the case, because no one had been chosen "slice Lars Bernard, vice president of Synhorcat, a leading professional trade."So there is no impact because in this profession, we do not prepare anything in advance. A caterer is not Picard, irritated the union representative.

Same story on the side of the Elysee usual caterers. "We were still at the stage of tendering. We filed our application and we expect the answer. We have therefore incurred no expenses, "said Francois Raynier, owner of upscale catering Raynier Marchetti, who denies the passage strengthened its team of 150 people in anticipation of the Garden Party. "150 is our average size," says he.

"From homemade

The prefecture also announced that the cancellations last minute should incur any costs because the buffets are mostly prepared in-house. "We use the kitchen of the prefecture," says one in Rennes.In the Sarthe, everything is "homemade" due to "credit limit". The few jurisdictions involving caterers explain – as is the case in Mayenne – they were still "at the stage estimates.

In the Alpes-Maritimes, the services of the prefecture are in this case state spending "very minimal" to "a few hundred euros": "We're pooling with the city of Nice and the General Council of Alpes-Maritimes limit spending from outside caterers, "says a spokeswoman.

Flexibility

Even if there had been a contract between two parties, there is no fixed schedule for repayment in the profession, making negotiations on a case by case basis between the provider and client paydayloan. "It's the law of business but we always find common ground," says Bernard Bras.In case of cancellation, the situation remains manageable, "he assures," It is a profession without visibility. Sometimes some customers confirm the case only 3-4 days before the big day We are accustomed to this kind of situation. "

At the forefront of the controversy, the food critics temper this speech. According to them, traders are well advised not to claim compensation for the expected win lucrative contracts in the future. "It's flattering to prepare the buffet or the Elysee Matignon is a commercial asset, an honor, a good card," says Claude Lebey, editor and author of restaurant guides.

Rebound

The representative of Synhorcat still regrets the loss of activity represented by these cancellations. "We are talking thousands of hours of work.For the Elysee, the decision could also have been taken earlier this year when the budget is fixed ….

For the future, the profession remains optimistic. The idea of a snowball effect of cancellations is scanned. "On the corporate side, which represent nearly 80% of our business, we see a rather significant recovery from last year," says Lars Bernard. "These are not exceptional receptions for when the box is bad, do not 'do too much peter cap'. But when there is a quick turnaround, we must celebrate. This is happening today. " The other big market traders – that of individuals – is also on the mend: "over time, we notice that people continue to celebrate events," notes vice president of Synhorcat. The public sector, the smallest of openings, should be the one to be hit hard.

"End 2008-2009, business has plummeted because of last minute cancellations of contracts. In the worst of the crisis, some professionals have lost 40% activity, ensures Lars Bernard. 2010 is therefore a year of healing. Regarding cancellations, we are entitled to think that this will not be like that all year. "

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The morale of French households do not seem to favor a clear recovery in consumption. In the first quarter, sales of Casino in France and have fallen 0.9% after falling 2.7% in 2009. Although the strong growth recorded by the distributor Stéphanois abroad (10.2% in the first quarter, after 5% last year) largely offset this decline, the group must respond. Jean-Charles Naouri, its CEO, shares his strategy in an interview with Le Figaro.

LE FIGARO – The morale of your customer shops is it affected by the crisis?

Jean-Charles Naouri – Many signs show that pessimism has worsened. He returned in September 2008, at the peak of the crisis. Because of the crisis of Greek and that of the euro, the fear of job loss has increased and concern about the standard of living reached a record high since 2007.The French prefer the job security of their purchasing power and their careers. This general pessimism is, however disconnected from the real economy, which seems to gradually resume. France is no longer in a situation of danger of deflation, the interest rates are permanently lower a guarantee for the future, and the weak euro is an element of recovery. The figures, including our own business performance, there are better a couple years.

Consumer behavior change it?

We found two relatively recent trends Firstly, in an environment seen as more complex, consumers no longer want it decides for them. They want to regain control over product quality, origin and value for money in particular.Similarly, while far to the client, other consumers were at best indifferent and at worst seen as troublemakers, he now draws more and more choices to their preferences and ratings. This horizontal communication facilitated by the Internet, this new proximity, we must reflect and inspire us to develop relationships with our customers in and outside the store.

How are you adapting?

We have a head start in this area because we have long been close to the heart of our strategy. We could for example indicate, in each point of sale, the preferred products or selling. We already strong commitments on the quality of our products.We reassure our customers, for example about what they buy indicating on the Casino-brand products, in addition to the nutritional use their carbon footprint, or that they are without oil palm and gluten free. We just put in place within the group, a Health Committee attended by several senior experts whose mission is to anticipate health issues and help Casino make good choices on offer. We also test systems dematerialized Innovative allowing customers to share their recommendations.

Hypermarkets Géant Casino continue to lose market share.Are they so essential for the massification of procurement and management of shopping malls you plan to transfer them not to invest in your most promising formats nearby?

I believe in small and medium format hypermarkets (6 000-8 000 square meters), which constitute the backbone of malls. I believe in the relevance of non-food offer in textiles, leisure and household equipment. Casino no reason to separate from Géant. Our superstores are as profitable as those of our competitors, and we set the target that market share has stabilized Géant Casino this year.Remember, also, that 40% of group turnover from international have a double-digit growth in France and the formats most carriers (Franprix, Monoprix supermarket Casino …) know sustained growth, which boosts the overall growth of revenues of Casino.

How is the recovery of your brand discount Leader Price, whose sales fell sharply last year?

This is another priority group in France in 2010. We are very pleased with the sales growth in stores converted to the new concept and we are accelerating the pace of refurbishment of outlets from week to week.

Could you introduce CDiscount stock exchange to accelerate the deleveraging of the group?

This is not the agenda.A listing imposes many constraints on management whose priority now is to continue double-digit growth in turnover. We are the leader, but in a very competitive environment.

Can you imagine Rueducommerce complementarities with the site, which Rally has just 8% of capital?

It is a very minority participation, without presence on the board of directors.

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After starting the session on an uptick, the indices fall into the red after 16 hours. The Dow Jones lost 0.11% to 10.431points, while the S & P coward 0.20% to 1111 points. Only the Nasdaq is on track with an increase of 0.13% to 2292 points. Investors welcomed the announcement of a bad back, unexpected, in May, resales of new housing: – 2.2% last month to 5.66 million units annualized, while economists had forecast an average of 6 12 million units or 5.5%. This further decline comes after two consecutive months of rising sales.

The night before, after long hesitation which direction to take, Wall Street finished little decline in trading volumes very low: The Dow Jones lost 0.08% at 10,442 points, the Nasdaq 0.90% to 2289 points and the S & P500 -0.39% to 1113 points. Previously, Wall Street had lined up eight consecutive sessions.Yesterday, investors have largely reacted to the announcement by China to implement an exchange rate policy more "flexible".

On the foreign exchange market, the euro resumed its decline late Monday afternoon, and continued to fall in the morning against the dollar, falling below 1.23 dollars, amid persistent fears over the economic health Europe Guaranteed payday loans.

Energy and raw material expected

On the side of values, or related companies exporting energy and raw materials may still be affected by the rising yuan including Caterpillar (+0.17% to 66.18 dollars) a strong presence in China, Freeport -McMoRan Copper & Gold (-1.37% to 67.18 dollars) or aluminum specialist Alcoa (-0.17% 11.70 dollars).Conversely, the retail sector could suffer pressure on its margins.

Always on the side of values, Visa (-1.33% to 79.82 dollars) and Mastercard (-0.05% to 223.22 U.S. dollars) closed sharply higher Monday after an agreement between members of Congress on the regulation banking fees.

Also note, Goldman Sachs (-0.37% to 137.23 dollars), receives an extension from the court to answer a complaint filed by the SEC, which accused him of fraud. Goldman Sachs has until July 19 to provide evidence to defend himself against the complaint, which concerns the sale of CDOs.

Greater China specialist, Stephen Green spoke yesterday at the Treasury Conference on Europe-China relationship.

LE FIGARO – With a CEO who has just moved to Hong Kong and a proposed listing in Shanghai, is this the year of homecoming for HSBC?

Stephen Green – It has been four years since we started this movement to Asia, but it is true that the transfer of Michael Geoghegan office in Hong Kong earlier this year, marks a significant milestone.

When do you hope to enter the Shanghai Stock Exchange?

We expect the Shanghai Stock Exchange opens to foreigners. This process takes time. Let the Chinese authorities to develop policies and adapt the rules.It is unlikely that we can go public before the end of the year.

HSBC would be the first foreigner to be quoting in Shanghai?

We'd love to, but we're not the only candidates. There is also the ranks of major manufacturers with significant operations in China.

Why this rating?

This shows our long term commitment to China. The capital raised also fund our development in the country. This occurs on one side through our partnership with Bank of Communications, China's fifth largest bank, which we own 19%. We have a very important joint venture in the field of credit cards. Our development is also through our own network we want to expand. We have recently opened our hundredth agency and we would like to be present in all Chinese provinces.We need capital to finance not only our physical development but also to lend to small businesses in China.

The Chinese regulator urges domestic banks to better manage their risks. Is this a danger?

The overall outlook of the Chinese economy are excellent. The growth promises to remain strong for many years, with the aim to extend development to the west. In this context, banks have an important role in financing. As everywhere, there will be bubbles. But for ten years, banks have greatly strengthened, both in equity but also in ability to control risks. I am not worried about how the Chinese banking system operates.

What is the step after?

The main challenge for China is in the creation of a large debt market.For now, Chinese companies are financed through banks or equity markets. They will need an efficient debt market.

Do you fear the new prudential standards Basel 3?

The G20 meeting in Toronto next week, will be important. I observe a growing awareness on the part of governments that reform can not be applied in the calendar originally proposed. It takes time. It is essential that regulators calibrate the measures taking into account their impact on the real economy. If the device was applied as such, the banking system should recapitalize by much too important.

The tax on banks you worried she also?

This topic is joined in the previous because they threaten the profitability of banks. Some have generated returns of nearly 30% that were not sustainable.But, conversely, governments and regulators should realize that if banks are no longer sufficiently profitable, it attracts more private capital. And therefore, they can no longer finance the economy.

What is the minimum rate of return?

It is estimated that the cost of capital for a bank is around 10 to 11%. Therefore a return above this level.

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After a nightmarish year 2009, the first Russian manufacturer, in which Renault owns 25%, his head out of water. While it had reduced its production by three last year to adapt to the collapse of the Russian market, the manufacturer of the Lada is now the biggest beneficiary of the scrappage of about 1300 euro launched its domestic market in early March. "80% of cars sold through this device are Ladas," says Igor Komarov, CEO of Avtovaz, appointed last summer. And 10% are assembled by Renault Logan in Moscow.

Result, sales of Avtovaz jumped 62% in May An upturn that could allow him to make a profit this year after a loss of one billion euros last year. "We must produce more than 450,000 vehicles (cons 300,000 in 2009) to generate an operating profit.While that seemed unrealistic at the beginning of the year, we now see pre exceed this threshold in 2010, "said Igor Komarov.

This adjustment is also allowed by drastically lowering costs. Russian has reduced its workforce last year to 30,000 people on 102 000. A job that required "the support of the state," said Igor Komarov. Some social activities of the group inherited from the Soviet era (nurseries, hospitals, nursing homes) has been transferred to the municipality of Togliatti. According to Renault, only a Russian could carry out this mission.This explains the departure of former French boss Avtovaz, last summer.

Five models assembled on the platform Logan

Avtovaz, Renault and Nissan aim to ally his term 40% of Russian market against 38.7% through May, in a context where the market share of Lada models obsolete, had significantly eroded by the crisis for the foreign brands. To achieve this, Renault must succeed in modernizing the plant of the former Soviet dinosaur. The French account to produce five new models on the platform of the Logan from 2012. Two Lada (station wagon and van versions), a Nissan and Renaults. A new small cheap Lada will also be constructed from the end of 2011.

Another priority: "Deliver upgrade local suppliers, in terms of cost and quality," said Christian Esteve, CEO of Renault in Russia.His goal is to move to Renault vehicles produced in Togliatti, 74% of local components in 2012, against 40% currently in its Moscow factory. To encourage suppliers to locate in western Russia and protect the development of local players, the group campaigning for the introduction of tariffs on imports of components.

The manufacturer has escaped bankruptcy last year, with help from the Kremlin about 1.7 billion euros, which allowed him to restructure its debt and cover its liquidity needs. Renault was able to maintain its share in the Russian capital without paying money, thanks to technology transfers valued at 240 million euros. According to Renault, the Russian market could reach 4 million cars in 2015-2016, which would make it the largest European market.