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While looming two weekends among the busiest in passenger of the year, Air France warned of now-already-and its passengers that they may have to be patient. If the airline has reached an agreement with the seven unions of Stewart and hostesses, thus avoiding a first strike scheduled for July 29 and August 1, and with the pilots, who have lifted their strike notice of August 5 to 8, it still faces other threats to social movements.

Another notice of pilots

A threat is … drivers, this time those who are carried by three minority unions – the SPAF, the Alter and R'Ways – and who have filed a strike notice for the July 29 to August 1. As the crew before them, the drivers are protesting against the offensive "anti-low cost" Air France plans to launch in its databases province.The new operation is expected to result, according to the drivers, an increase in the number of hours worked and trips a day.

For now, this movement somewhat worried the company, which does not anticipate any disruption in traffic this particular weekend.

Mechanics harden the tone

Meanwhile, the management of Air France must also manage another conflict, less publicized than those of pilots and aircrew, but that could be acted upon: some 4000 engineers responsible for maintenance of 260 units of the company practice of walkouts, for seven weeks no faxing payday loans. If the company minimizes the facts explaining that the work stoppages of one or more hours that are 50 to 100 people, the impact on traffic is nonetheless real.

According to Le Parisien, Aujourd'hui en France, long flights and medium-haul flights from Paris-Charles de Gaulle accuse each day delays of 15 to 20 minutes. Management also recognizes that it is obliged to postpone the launch of a two-plane in the evening to morning. Orly airport and Toulouse are also affected.

And before the stalled negotiations on wage demands, the engineers are threatening to get tough tonight at 22 hours. "Delays are possible and we do not exclude some cancellations," said Air France AFP. Alert bulletins on traffic conditions are published to the attention of travelers on the website of the company.

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After the immediate relief, the scrutiny. The decisions of the EU summit in distilled As the day of Thursday, had caused a real euphoria in the markets. The important thing was then to resist the further analysis which would not fail to deliver the observers. Result: the markets have continued to welcome a plan that went far beyond their expectations, even though Citigroup, Goldman Sachs and Barclays, we regretted not getting an expansion in the size of EFSF (European financial stability).

Real financial thermometer, the CDS (credit default swap) of Greece – or the premium paid by investors seeking to insure against the default risk of Athens – had symbolized the tension alone: ​​this instrument has lost 500 points these hours to reach 1500 bps.As recently as Monday, July 18, he had earned in 2568 basis points. In this case, the ISDA – the professional body responsible for deciding whether to initiate hedges and therefore pay those who hold them – decided on Friday that the European level do not justify.

A first in the euro area

Conversely, the rating agency Fitch has confirmed that it would place Greece in "selective default". This penalty – provided from the time the private creditors were asked to contribute to the rescue of Greece – a first in the euro area. The default is "selective", only a portion of the loans in Greece are concerned. There will be temporary. Fitch says it will award the following further notes that Greece will consider reducing the weight of its debt.

Behind these technical quibbles lies a considerable challenge.Whether the 50 billion of impairment suffered by the financial sector to come to the aid of Greece are yes or no if a "unique and exceptional" as European leaders have hammered. These statements have not prevented Fitch stressed that the Greek case did constitute a "precedent", when Ireland and Portugal are far from out of the woods. "This means that Ireland and Portugal have eighteen months to put up their house in order, they will suffer further degradation of their rating," warns Gary Jenkins, head of research at Evolution.

Apart from Ireland and Portugal, the first priority was to stop the contagion to Spain and Italy. On this point, the efforts have paid off. The rates at which these two countries borrow on the markets have significantly relaxed this week.

This renewed confidence has yet to confirm."We see four risks in the plan," detailing the Societe Generale analysts. Get ahead of the national parliaments, first. Limit the duration and impact of selective default, then. Confirm a response rate of 90% of creditors to the plan – in this respect, the French banks said they would meet there. And, last but not least challenge: that Greece found a dynamic itself.

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The lack of consensus in Washington on ways to prevent a default by the U.S. Treasury in early August was still crying Friday. "We are clearly running out of time we have left. So I asked members of Congress to give me, within 24 to 36 hours, an indication of the plan that will raise the debt ceiling, "said Barack Obama. The American president has reiterated its willingness to accept adjustments in social programs, that number of elected its own camp, however, refused. But he asks the same time to give the Republicans on tax increases, or at least, on the elimination of tax loopholes, "The Republican voters are willing to (in) to accept," he said, citing recent surveys.

"We're not Greece or Portugal. We do not need to do something drastic, "said Barack Obama.The situation of the United States is indeed very different from the peripheral countries of Europe are grappling with the crisis of sovereign debt. Nevertheless: the absence of a congressional vote before August 2, the U.S. Treasury can no longer borrow as it has already reached the limit of its debt. It would be forced to stop paying some of its creditors.

"Golden Rule" Republican

Shortly before the intervention of Barack Obama, John Boehner, chairman of the House of Representatives, promised the adoption by his fellow Republicans of a "robust plan" to raise the debt ceiling to 2.4 trillion dollars. This text does not include any tax increases, cap on federal spending and also provides for the adoption of a constitutional amendment such as "golden rule" to prevent budget deficits. In other words, it is unlikely to generate a consensus in the Senate.Barack Obama has confirmed that he opposed it.

In the Senate, bipartisan negotiations, subtle and inventive, continue. The leaders of both parties hope to combine a reduction of expenditures in the order of at least 1 000 billion over ten years, raising the ceiling to be de facto delegated by Congress to the President.

The aim is to enable elected not to vote explicitly for raising the ceiling or to the tax increase. Increasing the cap would take place in three stages and maximum total amount would be 2 500 billion, just enough to allow the Treasury to pay all his debts until after the 2012 elections.

According to the proposed scheme, only two-thirds majority in both houses can block increases ceiling decided by Barack Obama. It does not say that this effort to succeed.Or that the elected House of Representatives accept the principle or detail. The installation is complicated as it may be associated with a new method of reduction in social health (Medicare) and retirement (Social Security). A bipartisan commission would draw up by the end of a list of savings to be realized.

Christophe de Margerie confirmed and signed. In mid-April, the boss of Total has caused an uproar by saying that the super two euros per liter was something inevitable.This time the statements are more subtle but no less firm: on the margins of economic meetings in Aix-en-Provence, the head of the French company said that "the price (of oil) rather than being on the rise, so do not expect long-term prices (fuel) down. "

The issue is very clear to Christophe de Margerie, "If it does not reflect the increase in oil prices, the box runs." Under these conditions, while going on holiday will intensify in the coming days, the price the pump are about to take four to five cents extra.

The decision of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IEA) on 23 June, to tap into strategic reserves to lower prices will have had a very limited impact."The effect was instantaneous – crude has fallen from 115 to 107 dollars, almost four cents less at the pump – but the fundamentals of the market quickly regained the upper hand," said Jean-Louis Schilansky, President of the French Union of Petroleum Industries (Ufip).

$ 200 a barrel

In this case, is the increase in demand on prices. While the IEA has estimated that the outbreak in the spring classes began to slow global consumption, but the 90 million barrels per day (bpd) is no longer so distant. Moreover, if growth continues, the cap could be gone by the end of the year, according to the scenarios of the Agency.

Meanwhile, it is unclear how far prices will rise at the pump. At the end of last week, the Brent crude in London closed above $ 118."The courses tend gradually to 120 dollars," said Jean-Louis Schilansky which states that within a few days fuel prices should find their levels of early June. An average of 1.50 euro for unleaded 95 and 1.33 euro for a liter of diesel. As for the bar that fateful two euros per liter, it corresponds to the experts at a price of 200 dollars a barrel. "We still have some respite," said Jean-Louis Schilansky.

In this issue so sensitive fuel prices – especially in summer – the government continues to be very careful. A few days ago, they had encouraged retailers to pass quickly down the barrel instantly.This time, they should encourage stakeholders – oil and supermarkets – to smooth the rise in crude.

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The U.S. stock markets are yo-yo. After closing sharply higher Friday, Wall Street declined sharply on Friday. The Dow Jones lost 0.76% to 12,622.54 points, the Nasdaq yield 0.84% ​​to 2848.44 points and the S & P 500 0.99% to 1339.84 loose points. Thursday, Wall Street has ended sharply higher, reassured by the employment figures in the private sector.

These declines are explained by the release this Friday afternoon, disappointing numbers in employment in June that contradict the good results of the ADP survey released Thursday.The hires are in fact remained at a standstill for the second consecutive month, with only 18,000 jobs created, while the unemployment rate continued its rise, to 9.2%, according to figures released by the Department of Travail.Le report Official "is seen as a crucial gauge for assessing the short-term capacity of the world's largest economy to withstand" the signs of slowdown in the country's economic recovery, analysts explained the broker FXCM.

On the macroeconomic front, investors will also monitor the numbers of consumer credit in May (21 hours).

For his part, President Barack Obama acknowledged yesterday that the disagreement persisted with the Republicans on the budget and debt.He has given a new appointment on Sunday to elect to provide an update on the progress of talks will take place by then.

First results expected Monday half

Attention should also be strengthened by the forthcoming opening of the ball half-year results. As usual the aluminum giant Alcoa (-1.33% to 16.27 dollars) will open the show these ads on July 11 or next Monday. Generally considered a barometer of the health of the U.S. economy, the aluminum companies would announce analysts said a sharp rise in earnings in the second quarter.The rise of aluminum prices and increased demand, especially from aircraft manufacturers, accounted for much of this improvement.

On the foreign exchange market, the euro lost ground against the dollar on Friday, traders moved cautiously before the release of the official report on employment and unemployment in the United States, major indicator to assess the strength of resumption of the world's largest economy.In early afternoon in Paris the European single currency was worth 1.4323 dollars against 1.4356 dollars Thursday

The side of values, given the green light Thursday by the shareholders of the transatlantic exchange operator NYSE Euronext (-0.40% to 35.26 dollars) a merger with Deutsche Börse marks a victory for its chief executive Duncan Niederauer, who strongly defended the project since mid-February.

Always on the side of values, the U.S. pharmaceutical company Pfizer (0.10% to 20.25 dollars) is considering "strategic alternatives" including the potential sale of its animal health business and infant feeding.The animal health division of Pfizer in 2010 achieved a turnover of 3.6 billion and nutrition Pfizer $ 1.9 billion.

Moreover, after the close of Wall Street, CEO of Exco Resources (7.46% to $ 0.72) Douglas Miller has revised its bid on the company to 18.5 million in cash and a part in actions against 20.5 million in cash earlier.

For its part the News Corp. (-2.84% to 17.42 dollars) will close the British tabloid Sunday News of the World, in the heart of a wiretapping scandal.

Also note, the Taiwanese SemiLEDS (-8.06% to 5.70 dollars), listed on Wall Street has announced a loss of 5.1 million dollars, or 16 cents per share against 6 cents expected. Turnover was down to 5.6 million against 9.9 million last year and 6.3 million expected.

At Paris Air Show, Airbus steals record after record. While the European aircraft manufacturer has been a landmark order yesterday from the Indian carrier IndiGo, involving 180 Airbus A320 150 A320neo, a subsidiary of EADS did even better on Thursday. During the fourth day of the Paris Air Show, the manufacturer confirms the largest order in the history of civil aviation in the number of devices with 200 Neo A320 from Air Asia. The boss of AirAsia said Thursday that the day would be a "great day" for the company. AirAsia, based in Malaysia and largest low cost airline in Asia, with this command becomes the largest customer of Airbus.

In addition, American Airlines is about to acquire from Airbus over 100 single-aisle A320 series, according to Bloomberg. The price of the order could amount to about $ 8.5 billion at list prices.These devices replace less efficient airplanes like the Boeing 757 and MD-80. This command would be a setback for Boeing since the company is usually the client U.S. aircraft manufacturer, Airbus' main competitor.

After its intention to buy A320neo, the airline GoAir Indian low cost has signed a firm order this morning for 72 medium-haul of its kind.

Since the beginning of the show, the success of the A320neo is undeniable: it should pass the milestone of 1000, just seven months after its commercial launch. Subsidiary of EADS has already exceeded its targets since was 500 A320 orders by the end of Bourget.

Other models also reap Airbus orders this Thursday

The A380 also encounter expressions of interest. Skymark Airlines has confirmed Thursday morning ordering two A380s.The amount of this additional order would reach at list price, $ 750 million.

In addition, Airbus hopes to get "a significant portion" of the large order that would formalize Air France-KLM this summer, said Thursday Fabrice Brégier, Chief Operating Officer of the European aircraft manufacturer. The French company could opt for the A350 model. "We believe that the A350 has advantages over the Boeing 787. For us to make to Air France-KLM, "commented the manager.

For now, the official death toll is over 700 orders and options, including 347 firm orders for Airbus in three days. The total amount of these orders, at list prices, at more than $ 65 billion.Boeing is so far below as the U.S. garnered 126 orders and options, including 61 farms, pour19 billion.

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"This crisis does not pay." One month after the birth of the movement of the "outraged" that has spread throughout the country, between 35,000 and 40,000 people, according to police, marched in Madrid against austerity. The crowd came in processions from all six districts of Madrid, gathered near the parliament in the center, opposite a row of blue gates and a dozen police vans blocking the road.

"Against unemployment. Organize yourself and fight. Let us march together against unemployment and capital, "proclaimed one of the great signs. "We are not commodities in the hands of politicians and bankers," said another banner in red letters.Under the slogans, demonstrators of all ages, families with strollers, young, unemployed and retired, came to testify of the same tired response to the crisis that is strangling the Spanish company.

Unemployment and corruption

Protesters targeted the Stability Pact in the euro area and its imperatives of fiscal discipline, politicians accused of corruption and not the voice of citizens, unemployment hitting 21.29% of the workforce in Spain, almost half the age of 25.

"We must prepare for a general strike 100% free credit score. We will paralyze this country, "said a speaker at the microphone."Banks and governments that have caused this situation should be aware that we do not agree with the measures and budget cuts, we intend to be heard, and that we will," assured the flat platform calling for demonstrations across Spain.

Broad popular support

Tuesday, June 13, the "outrage" had dismantled their camp from the Puerta del Sol in Madrid, a symbol of this wave of protest. Enjoying broad popular support, they now want to consolidate their movement through the neighborhood assemblies and other occasional events.

Other demonstrations were planned in the late afternoon on Sunday, including Barcelona and Valencia, and in several foreign cities, including Paris, where nearly 450 "outraged" gathered.

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Is this a side effect of the crisis that has swept the Hexagon in recent years or the present assertion of a belief rooted in the longstanding head of the French? According to an Ipsos poll conducted for the National Mutual land and published in La Gazette des communes, no fewer than two in three French say they do not discourage their children to become official if he so desires. For the authors of the study, "the idea that the French have a bad image of officials is therefore reversed. The proof: they dream for their children.

These are, unsurprisingly, the staff themselves who rent the more the idea that their offspring borrow one day the same way they do: 91% of hospital employees, 74% and 71% of territorial officials .If there are few differences between supporters of the left and right, the two opposing groups on the non-replacement of staff on two retiring 71% of prospective voters of François Hollande or Martine Aubry are cons, while 64% of supporters of Nicolas Sarkozy are for. Like what, the public remains a cleavage …

"Possibly carcinogenic to humans' status is awarded yesterday evening to" Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields "- the waves emitted by mobile phones, awarded by a panel of expert agency of WHO The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, IARC or English). The idea of ​​the harmfulness of the use of mobile phones on health is not new. Despite this, the three largest telecom operators (Orange, SFR and Bouygues) simply take note of the announcement made by the CIRC. No specific communication operators is given for adapting to this trend of each idea. What efforts in research and development? Prevention? The questions remain unanswered.

The French Federation of Telecoms (FFT) is responsible to communicate to all stakeholders.In uncommuniqué published today, remember that the mobile operators' apply for several years, a precautionary approach by including headsets with each set of mobile phone, and informing users about precautions " as recommended by the Ministry of Health. Jean-Marie Danjou, Chief Operating Officer at Mobile College of TFF said that nearly 30 million copies of the information leaflet "my mobile and my health" from the government, have been distributed (in stores, boxes with bills …). He assured that the opinions expressed by the IARC and adopted by WHO will be added to information available on the websites of operators.In addition, a representative of the FFT points out that the headsets are present in the enclosures since 2003 in France, and mandatory under the law since last year.

Globally, the International Agency for wireless technologies (CTIA) moderates a strong opinion of the IARC said in a statement published yesterday that the published classification is based on a "limited evidence" small personal loans. It specifies that products such as pickled vegetables and coffee are in the same class as the wave of mobile, thus attempting to mitigate the strong confidence in the agency's statement of WHO. "The IARC classification does not mean that mobile phones cause cancer." Reads black and white in the statement of the CTIA.The GSM Association, which represents the interests of telecom operators worldwide, for its notes that "risk is possible but unlikely" while acknowledging that "some users may be concerned" and that publication of the IARC invites Further research on the long term.

A level of RF varies from mobile

Nevertheless, consumers can make the choice of vigilance in learning about the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of mobile they use. This is an index that measures the maximum level of radio frequency emitted by the phone to the user, measured in watts per kilogram. The maximum SAR authorized in France is 2 watts per kilogram. To equipment sold in France ranges from 0.3 to 1.417 watt per kilogram according to manufacturers and aircraft configurations.For example, the Samsung S Galaxy displays the lowest in SAR 0.23 W / kg while the Sony Ericsson X10 Mini Pro displays the highest SAR 1.61 W / kg. The Apple Iphone 4 presents meanwhile a SAR of 0.59 W / kg. Mobile vendors are bound by an obligation to display the national regulatory DAS of each model when they are sold. The consumer is therefore able to select a phone emitting the least possible spectrum. It can also simply call as much as possible in conditions of good reception, sms and focus away from the handset sensitive areas of the body during a call using the speakerphone.

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The Paris Bourse started rising sharply on Tuesday morning – the Cac 40ouvre up 0.80% at 3973.92 points – after finishing Monday night in a small decrease (-0.21% to 3942.53 points) carried by a slight recovery in confidence in European markets while the situation in Greece feel a little better. The single currency advance against other currencies on a hope that the Greek crisis can be resolved (one euro 1.4371 against the dollar this morning). Jean-Claude Juncker, Eurogroup President, has expressed his desire to "solve the Greek problem by the end of June." In addition, a second bailout of 65 billion euros could be established, combiners loans from the EU and the IMF.In addition, Germany plans to withdraw its proposal rééechelonner maturity of Greek bonds to facilitate the release of new aid to Athens, reported Tuesday the Wall Street Journal, which further strengthens the euro on the market exchange.

Still, this morning, the rating agency Fitch Ratings lowered by three notches note of Cyprus, which changes from "AA-" to "A-" due to the involvement of banks in this area countries euro in Greece and does not, according to a statement, to conduct a further deterioration.

This morning, Asian stock markets are well oriented. The rating agency Moody's has yet announced it, it could lower the rating of the long-term debt of Japan within three months, citing the massive debt the country exacerbated by the recent earthquake in north-east . Fitch made the same announcement three days ago.The Nikkei has still finished rebound of nearly 2%, amid weaker yen against the dollar and a good indicator of industrial production.

The French Minister of Economy Christine Lagarde, has pledged Monday in Brasilia to "deepen" the reform of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) to give more weight to emerging countries if elected head of the institution Financial.

The greenback that folds also pushes the oil upward, making them more attractive purchases of raw materials denominated in dollars. In morning trading, a barrel of light sweet crude for July delivery took 35 cents to 100.94 dollars.That of Brent North Sea crude for delivery gained 58 cents identical to 115.26 dollars.

Rain important indicators to monitor

In France, before the opening of trading, we followed the consumption expenditure of households on goods in April (INSEE): it decreased by 1.8% in April after falling 1.0% in March (revised ). Sales of new homes fell in France by 17.2% yoy in the first quarter, according to the Ministry of Housing, which reported Tuesday in a parallel increase of 30.4% in housing starts and 9, 0% of building permits between February and April 2011.

Then at noon, we take knowledge of business failure in December 2010, the agricultural price indices in April, while producer prices of business services in the first quarter (INSEE).In Germany, retail sales have risen dramatically in April, but at a slower pace than expected, after a march which the drop was even greater than had originally estimated.

In the euro area, we know the unemployment rate April at 11 am and the first estimate of inflation in May

United States, 15 hours, we expect prices logger (S & P / Case-Shiller) well attended in March. Then at 15:45, industrial activity in the Chicago area in May, also very important. At 16 hours, the highly anticipated index of consumer confidence (Conference Board) in May.

Laurent Perrier: net profit up 39.5%

Side values, Alstom (1.81% to 42.64 euros, the biggest increase Cac 40).The construction project by the group of a line of elevated railway in Baghdad will cost $ 1.5 billion (one billion euros) and will be financed by the French government and French banks, said Monday the Iraqi leaders.

The group of Laurent-Perrier Champagne on Tuesday reported a 39.5% increase in net income for fiscal year 2010-2011 ended in late March, thanks to higher sales volume in the second half, which helped significantly reduce its debt.

Areva (-0.51% to 29.50 euros) will follow as the night before, the stock lost 1.98% to 29.65 euros on its first day of cotation.De invertitudes many threats to the nuclear group. EDF is also on the alert after the announcement yesterday (Monday) at the end of nuclear power in Germany by eleven.

Renault (1.35% to 39.31 euros) is also on the radar screen when a new number two was appointed to replace Patrick Pelata yesterday.Carlos Tavares will cheer for employees and create attractive cars to restore momentum to a manufacturer whose weight continues to fall within the Renault-Nissan.

Total (1.33% to 39.97 euros) will launch a discount service stations to compete with low cost workstations supermarkets. In an interview with La Tribune, Jerome Pare, director of the distribution business of France's Total announced that a "large number" of 2050 sales outlets would be affected by this repositioning to the entry level.

France Telecom is in Paris today's investor day. The group plans to sell its minority holdings in Austria and Portugal.He announced his will destabilize its level in 2013 EBITDA to a level higher than 2011 and reaching a total cumulative EBITDA of around 45 billion euros over the period 2011-2013.

EADS (1.14% to 22.68 euros). UK fraud office (SFO) launched an investigation of alleged bribes, kickbacks paid to Saudi officials by a subsidiary of British defense giant EADS and aeronautics, the Financial Times reported Tuesday.

Nexans (1.29% to 66.57 euros) provides the first half organic growth in sales of 7% to 9% and operating profit representing between 4.5% and 5% of its turnover, announced Tuesday the French manufacturer of cables.

Vinci (1.37% to 44.10 euros), ADP (+0.41% to 66.50 eruos), Veolia (0.99% to EUR 20.92).The process of opening the capital of major regional airports is frozen amid differences between local and state, wrote Tuesday in La Tribune. Vinci confirmed early May watch some airports, while ADP and Veolia might also be interested.

Carrefour (+0.74% at 30.51 euros), Casino (0.01% to 73.45 euros). Casino said it had asked the ICC for arbitration and requires that the Brazilian group Diniz fulfill its obligations pursuant to their shareholders in the company that controls the Wilkes Brazilian retailer CBD.According to sources familiar with the matter, the president of the Brazilian group distribution Pao de Acucar Abilio Diniz approached rival Carrefour to evoke the hypothesis of a merger with the local activities of French

Sanofi (0.96% to 54.61 euros) on Tuesday released desrésultats a phase III study showing that lixisénatide, treatment of diabetes has reached, as an adjunct to basal insulin, the primary endpoint .

Schneider Electric (1.22% to 112.15 euros) announced Monday the acquisition of 74% of Luminous, a specialist Indian UPS and critical power, as part of its strategy for small and medium-sized acquisitions.

Despite a "peace message" sent by LVMH (1.22% to 112.15 euros), the debates became heated during the general meeting of Hermes, which was held yesterday.

Fimalac (4.05% to 29.03 euros), parent company of Fitch, saw its operating income grow by 23.9% in the first half ended March 31, while its sales sales was up 21.1% (an organic growth of 12.3%).

Mersenne (ex-Carbone Lorraine: 0.43% to 39.50 euros) acquired the remaining shares of Chinese Mingrong Electrical Protection (MEP) which it already owned 51% since 2008.

CD & R, Axa PE and CDC Quebec are paying 2.1 billion euros to afford Spie, according to our information.